1905 PRESIDENT THEODORE ROOSEVELT SIGNED MOROCCO AMBASSADOR APPOINTMENT DOCUMENT
Item History & Price
| Reference Number: Avaluer:23807521 | President: Theodore Roosevelt |
| Signed by: Theodore Roosevelt | Original/Reproduction: Original |
Very Rare and historically important, original 1905 Document Signed by Theodore Roosevelt as President of the United States appointing one Samuel R. Gummere as First Ambassador of the United States of America to Morocco. Gummere was appointed to this post as a reward for his service to the United States in resolving the international crisis known as the Perdicaris Incident of 1904.
This beautiful, engraved Document is printed on a high quality, parchment shee...t and measures approx. 23" by 19". It is dated March 8th, 1905 and appoints “Samuel R. Gummere of New Jersey” to the position of “Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary of the United States of Morocco”. The Document is signed at the lower right hand corner - "Theodore Roosevelt" and is also signed by Secretary of State John Hay..
There is a beautiful, heavily embossed and applied Great Seal of the United States at the lower left hand corner.
Before this appointment Gummere was the Consul General to Morocco and with this appointment his position was elevated to the level of an Ambassadorship – he being the First ever Ambassador to Morocco. How Gummere received this appointment is a fascinating story that, at the time was of the utmost importance but which today is somewhat lost to history.
On May 18, 1904 a naturalized American Citizen and member of a wealthy New Jersey family Ion Perdicaris and his step son Cromwell Varley (a British subject) were kidnapped from their summer home in the hills near Tangiers. They were abducted by Mulai Ahmed er Raisuli and a group of bandits. Raisuli ruled three hill tribes in Morocco. His men cut the telephone lines, knocked out several Perdicaris servants, and left Perdicaris' wife Ellen at the house. She later was able to contact the embassy, and at 11:00 pm, the American Consul General, Samuel Gummeré, arrived at the house.
On 19 May, a cable from Gummeré reached the United States. It read: "Mr. Perdicaris, most prominent American citizen here, and his stepson Mr. Varley, British subject, were carried off last night from their country house, three miles from Tangier, by a numerous band of natives headed by Raisuly [sic]. . . I earnestly request that a man-of-war be sent at once. . . situation most serious".
The Kidnappers demanded of Sultan Abdelaziz of Morocco a $55, 000 ransom (later raised to $70, 000);removal of government troops from the region and an end to its harassment of the Er-Rif people; the removal, arrest, and imprisonment of the Pasha of Tangier and several other government officials; release of certain political prisoners; and concession of control of two of Morocco's wealthiest districts (later increased to six). Raisuli later added the stipulation that the United States and England must guarantee meeting these demands.
When the US was notified of the kidnapping, Secretary of State, John Hay, was out of town. Assistant Secretary of State, Francis B. Loomis, dealt with the crisis. He diverted seven of the sixteen American ships in the Mediterranean Sea on a "goodwill cruise" to Tangier. Angered by the kidnapping, President Theodore Roosevelt reacted with a show of force. Hay described the demands as "preposterous". The following day the United States ordered Admiral French Ensor Chadwick to dispatch a ship from the South Atlantic Squadron to Tangier. On 20 May, the British dispatched a torpedo boat from Gibraltar to the city. On 21 May, representatives from the sultan were sent to begin negotiations with the captors. By 25 May, negotiations had yet to achieve anything. On 29 May, Raisuli threatened to kill the prisoners if his demands were not met in two days. That same day, Theodore Frelinghuysen Jewell was ordered to dispatch three additional ships. When a messenger from the Sultan arrived at Rasuli's camp, he was sold to the highest bidder, and was executed by having his throat slit.
The armored cruiser USS Brooklyn and cruiser USS Atlanta reached Tangier on 30 May, and Admiral Chadwick had a conference with the Sultan's representative. The next day, the gunboats USS Marietta and Castine arrived, and France assured the United States they would do "all in their power to rescue the prisoners". On 1 June the ransom demand was increased to $70, 000. Jewell arrived with USS Olympia, Baltimore, and Cleveland, bringing the total American ships in Tangier to seven, manned by several Marine companies, commanded by Major John Twiggs Myers. At the time, the gathering was the most numerous of American ships in any foreign port. They were not to be used without express orders from Washington, as it was thought that any action by the Marines would lead to the deaths of the prisoners. The US planned to use them only to seize the custom-houses of Morocco, which supplied much of the nation's revenue, if the Moroccan government did not fulfill the demands of the United States. It insisted the government make the concessions necessary to persuade Raisuli to release Perdicaris, and to attack Raisuli if Perdicaris were killed. The only Marines to land in Morocco were a small detachment of a four men, carrying only sidearms. They were ordered to protect the Consulate and Mrs. Perdicaris. Two other US Marines were dispatched on 8 June to protect the Belgian legation.
Things escalated from there and soon war ships from a number of European countries at Tangiers. On 19 June the Sultan accepted Raisuli's demands, with the date of release of captives set for 21 June. On 20 June, a hitch in negotiations occurred. Zelai, governor of an inland tribe, refused to act as intermediary. On 21 or 22 June the ransom money was deposited. On 22 June, Raisuli demanded another district for his control. Though a settlement had already been reached, a cable from Gummeré accusing the Sultan of holding up negotiations arrived in Washington. Seeing the need to act, Secretary of State John Hay issued a statement to the Republican National Convention, that was read by Joseph Gurney Cannon: "We want Perdicaris alive or Raisuli dead." While it was clear that the convention would nominate the incumbent Roosevelt as the Republican candidate, Hay's statement electrified the Convention. One Kansas delegate exclaimed, "Roosevelt and Hay know what they're doing. Our people like courage. We'll stand for anything those men do." After being nominated, Roosevelt easily won election in the fall of 1904. Perdicaris was home by 24 June, after most of Raisuli's demands were met.
Roosevelt and Hay praised Gummere for his part in bringing Perdicaris and his step-son home alive although just exactly what part Gummere played was somewhat suspect. In any event, the President and Secretary of State decided to elevate Gummere’s position from Consul-General to a full Ambassadorship and the Document offered here, signed by both Theodore Roosevelt and John Hay records the final event of the Perdicaris Incident of 1904
This very rare and very attractive, 1905 Theodore Roosevelt, Signed Document is in excellent condition. The Sheet retains its original, full and wide margins and is clean and crisp and exceptionally well preserved. There are horizontal and vertical creases as stored but otherwise the Document is without flaw. The manuscript entries in the text portion of the Document are executed in a dark and bold Calligraphic script and the signatures of both John Hay and Theodore Roosevelt are dark and bold and very attractive. Overall the Document is an exceptionally well preserved example of a historically important, Presidential Appointment Document signed by Theodore Roosevelt and it will display beautifully with a quality matting and framing.
A very rare and historically important, original 1905 Document Signed by Theodore Roosevelt as President of the United States appointing one Samuel R. Gummere as First Ambassador of the United States of America to Morocco and appointment made as a reward for his service to the United States in resolving the international crisis known as the Perdicaris Incident of 1904 and a fantastic addition to any collection!!
The signature of President Theodore Roosevelt and the Document are unconditionally guaranteed authentic and original and the Signature is unconditionally guaranteed to be in the hand of Theodore Roosevelt. The Document and Signature are backed by our “no questions asked” return policy and lifetime guarantee of authenticity. The Signature and Document are unconditionally guaranteed to be deemed authentic by any third party authentication service and the Document will be accompanied by our own Letter of Authenticity with a statement of our unconditional return policy and guarantee of authenticity. Overseas shipping is extra and cost will be quoted at bidders request. Massachusetts residents must add 6.25% sales tax. Please check out other early and interesting items offered by this seller on ebay. Click Here to See Our Items We Have for Sale in the eBay Gallery and Click Here to Add Us To Your Favorite Sellers List.
Important Notes about Shipping Charges: The amount quoted for Shipping & Handling is calculated by eBay and is equal to the EXACT amount charged by the Post Office plus a $1.00 "packing fee" - the $1.00 fee is our only compensation for the virgin packing materials we use on all of our professionally packaged boxes as well as our cost for the salaried help that does most of our packing - as I am sure you can see, we make NO profit on the Shipping charges and, in fact, our costs are usually greater than the $1.00 fee. Please contact us if there are any issues regarding the cost of shipping.
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ATTENTION FRIENDS!!! We are pleased to announce the start up of a second weekly auction by WALNUTTS-2.0!!! The next generation of NUTS have decided to take a crack at listing some of the hundreds of items that we have accumulated over the past 38 years. Click Here to See What WALNUTTS-2.0 is Offering in this week’s Ebay Auction!! Rest assured that WALNUTTS2 will be offering the same high standard of customer service and 100% unconditional satisfaction guarantee that you have found here in our weekly auctions. The "young'uns" will be starting off slow as they learn the ropes but we ask that you support them as you have supported us over the past 22+ years!!
00898
This beautiful, engraved Document is printed on a high quality, parchment shee...t and measures approx. 23" by 19". It is dated March 8th, 1905 and appoints “Samuel R. Gummere of New Jersey” to the position of “Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary of the United States of Morocco”. The Document is signed at the lower right hand corner - "Theodore Roosevelt" and is also signed by Secretary of State John Hay..
There is a beautiful, heavily embossed and applied Great Seal of the United States at the lower left hand corner.
Before this appointment Gummere was the Consul General to Morocco and with this appointment his position was elevated to the level of an Ambassadorship – he being the First ever Ambassador to Morocco. How Gummere received this appointment is a fascinating story that, at the time was of the utmost importance but which today is somewhat lost to history.
On May 18, 1904 a naturalized American Citizen and member of a wealthy New Jersey family Ion Perdicaris and his step son Cromwell Varley (a British subject) were kidnapped from their summer home in the hills near Tangiers. They were abducted by Mulai Ahmed er Raisuli and a group of bandits. Raisuli ruled three hill tribes in Morocco. His men cut the telephone lines, knocked out several Perdicaris servants, and left Perdicaris' wife Ellen at the house. She later was able to contact the embassy, and at 11:00 pm, the American Consul General, Samuel Gummeré, arrived at the house.
On 19 May, a cable from Gummeré reached the United States. It read: "Mr. Perdicaris, most prominent American citizen here, and his stepson Mr. Varley, British subject, were carried off last night from their country house, three miles from Tangier, by a numerous band of natives headed by Raisuly [sic]. . . I earnestly request that a man-of-war be sent at once. . . situation most serious".
The Kidnappers demanded of Sultan Abdelaziz of Morocco a $55, 000 ransom (later raised to $70, 000);removal of government troops from the region and an end to its harassment of the Er-Rif people; the removal, arrest, and imprisonment of the Pasha of Tangier and several other government officials; release of certain political prisoners; and concession of control of two of Morocco's wealthiest districts (later increased to six). Raisuli later added the stipulation that the United States and England must guarantee meeting these demands.
When the US was notified of the kidnapping, Secretary of State, John Hay, was out of town. Assistant Secretary of State, Francis B. Loomis, dealt with the crisis. He diverted seven of the sixteen American ships in the Mediterranean Sea on a "goodwill cruise" to Tangier. Angered by the kidnapping, President Theodore Roosevelt reacted with a show of force. Hay described the demands as "preposterous". The following day the United States ordered Admiral French Ensor Chadwick to dispatch a ship from the South Atlantic Squadron to Tangier. On 20 May, the British dispatched a torpedo boat from Gibraltar to the city. On 21 May, representatives from the sultan were sent to begin negotiations with the captors. By 25 May, negotiations had yet to achieve anything. On 29 May, Raisuli threatened to kill the prisoners if his demands were not met in two days. That same day, Theodore Frelinghuysen Jewell was ordered to dispatch three additional ships. When a messenger from the Sultan arrived at Rasuli's camp, he was sold to the highest bidder, and was executed by having his throat slit.
The armored cruiser USS Brooklyn and cruiser USS Atlanta reached Tangier on 30 May, and Admiral Chadwick had a conference with the Sultan's representative. The next day, the gunboats USS Marietta and Castine arrived, and France assured the United States they would do "all in their power to rescue the prisoners". On 1 June the ransom demand was increased to $70, 000. Jewell arrived with USS Olympia, Baltimore, and Cleveland, bringing the total American ships in Tangier to seven, manned by several Marine companies, commanded by Major John Twiggs Myers. At the time, the gathering was the most numerous of American ships in any foreign port. They were not to be used without express orders from Washington, as it was thought that any action by the Marines would lead to the deaths of the prisoners. The US planned to use them only to seize the custom-houses of Morocco, which supplied much of the nation's revenue, if the Moroccan government did not fulfill the demands of the United States. It insisted the government make the concessions necessary to persuade Raisuli to release Perdicaris, and to attack Raisuli if Perdicaris were killed. The only Marines to land in Morocco were a small detachment of a four men, carrying only sidearms. They were ordered to protect the Consulate and Mrs. Perdicaris. Two other US Marines were dispatched on 8 June to protect the Belgian legation.
Things escalated from there and soon war ships from a number of European countries at Tangiers. On 19 June the Sultan accepted Raisuli's demands, with the date of release of captives set for 21 June. On 20 June, a hitch in negotiations occurred. Zelai, governor of an inland tribe, refused to act as intermediary. On 21 or 22 June the ransom money was deposited. On 22 June, Raisuli demanded another district for his control. Though a settlement had already been reached, a cable from Gummeré accusing the Sultan of holding up negotiations arrived in Washington. Seeing the need to act, Secretary of State John Hay issued a statement to the Republican National Convention, that was read by Joseph Gurney Cannon: "We want Perdicaris alive or Raisuli dead." While it was clear that the convention would nominate the incumbent Roosevelt as the Republican candidate, Hay's statement electrified the Convention. One Kansas delegate exclaimed, "Roosevelt and Hay know what they're doing. Our people like courage. We'll stand for anything those men do." After being nominated, Roosevelt easily won election in the fall of 1904. Perdicaris was home by 24 June, after most of Raisuli's demands were met.
Roosevelt and Hay praised Gummere for his part in bringing Perdicaris and his step-son home alive although just exactly what part Gummere played was somewhat suspect. In any event, the President and Secretary of State decided to elevate Gummere’s position from Consul-General to a full Ambassadorship and the Document offered here, signed by both Theodore Roosevelt and John Hay records the final event of the Perdicaris Incident of 1904
This very rare and very attractive, 1905 Theodore Roosevelt, Signed Document is in excellent condition. The Sheet retains its original, full and wide margins and is clean and crisp and exceptionally well preserved. There are horizontal and vertical creases as stored but otherwise the Document is without flaw. The manuscript entries in the text portion of the Document are executed in a dark and bold Calligraphic script and the signatures of both John Hay and Theodore Roosevelt are dark and bold and very attractive. Overall the Document is an exceptionally well preserved example of a historically important, Presidential Appointment Document signed by Theodore Roosevelt and it will display beautifully with a quality matting and framing.
A very rare and historically important, original 1905 Document Signed by Theodore Roosevelt as President of the United States appointing one Samuel R. Gummere as First Ambassador of the United States of America to Morocco and appointment made as a reward for his service to the United States in resolving the international crisis known as the Perdicaris Incident of 1904 and a fantastic addition to any collection!!
The signature of President Theodore Roosevelt and the Document are unconditionally guaranteed authentic and original and the Signature is unconditionally guaranteed to be in the hand of Theodore Roosevelt. The Document and Signature are backed by our “no questions asked” return policy and lifetime guarantee of authenticity. The Signature and Document are unconditionally guaranteed to be deemed authentic by any third party authentication service and the Document will be accompanied by our own Letter of Authenticity with a statement of our unconditional return policy and guarantee of authenticity. Overseas shipping is extra and cost will be quoted at bidders request. Massachusetts residents must add 6.25% sales tax. Please check out other early and interesting items offered by this seller on ebay. Click Here to See Our Items We Have for Sale in the eBay Gallery and Click Here to Add Us To Your Favorite Sellers List.
Important Notes about Shipping Charges: The amount quoted for Shipping & Handling is calculated by eBay and is equal to the EXACT amount charged by the Post Office plus a $1.00 "packing fee" - the $1.00 fee is our only compensation for the virgin packing materials we use on all of our professionally packaged boxes as well as our cost for the salaried help that does most of our packing - as I am sure you can see, we make NO profit on the Shipping charges and, in fact, our costs are usually greater than the $1.00 fee. Please contact us if there are any issues regarding the cost of shipping.
Powered by SixBit's eCommerce Solution
ATTENTION FRIENDS!!! We are pleased to announce the start up of a second weekly auction by WALNUTTS-2.0!!! The next generation of NUTS have decided to take a crack at listing some of the hundreds of items that we have accumulated over the past 38 years. Click Here to See What WALNUTTS-2.0 is Offering in this week’s Ebay Auction!! Rest assured that WALNUTTS2 will be offering the same high standard of customer service and 100% unconditional satisfaction guarantee that you have found here in our weekly auctions. The "young'uns" will be starting off slow as they learn the ropes but we ask that you support them as you have supported us over the past 22+ years!!
00898
