VERY RARE PAPAL BULLA Parchment Vellum 1699 Pope Innocent XII (A. Pignatelli)
Item History & Price
| Reference Number: Avaluer:2490 |
LAC
LONDON ANCIENT COINS
VERY RARE
Parchment in the name of Pope Innocent XII (Antonio Pignatelli)
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Date 1699
cm 29x22
PP6
Pope Innocent XII
Innocent XII
Papacy began12 July 1691
Papacy ended27 September 1700
PredecessorAlexander VIII
SuccessorClement XI
Orders
Consecration27 October 1652
by Marcantonio Franciotti
Created Cardinal1 September 1681
Personal details
Birth nameAntonio Pignatelli
Born13 March 1615
Spinazzola, Kingdom of Naples
Died27 September 1700(aged 85)
Rome, Papal State
Other popes named Innocent
Innocent XII (Latin: Innocentius PP. XII; Italian: Innocenzo XII; 13 March 1615 – 27 September 1700), born Antonio Pignatelli, was Pope of theRoman Catholic Church from 1691 to 1700.
Early life
Pignatelli was born on 13 March 1615 in Spinazzola (current Puglia) to one of the most aristocratic families of the Kingdom of Naples, which included many Viceroys, and ministers of the crown. He was educated at the Jesuit college in Rome.
At the age of 20 he became an official of the court of Pope Urban VIII. He served successive popes as nuncio to Florence, Vienna and Poland. Later he went to Malta where he served as an inquisitor.[1]
Cardinalate
In 1681 he was elevated to Cardinal by Pope Innocent XI and was made Cardinal-Priest of the Church of San Pancrazio in Rome. Later that year he was appointed Archbishop of Naples.
Papacy
Pope Alexander VIII died in 1691 and the College of Cardinals assembled to hold a conclave. Factions loyal to the Kingdom of France, Kingdom of Spain and the broader Holy Roman Empire failed to agree on a consensus candidate. After five months, Cardinal Pignatelli emerged as a compromise candidate between the cardinals of France and the Holy Roman Empire.[1]
Immediately after his election on 12 July 1691, Innocent XII declared his opposition to the nepotism which had afflicted the reigns of previous popes. The following year he issued the papal bull, Romanum decet Pontificem, banning the curial office of the Cardinal-Nephew and prohibiting popes from bestowing estates, offices, or revenues on any relative. Further, only one relative (and only "if otherwise suitable") was to be raised to the cardinalate.
At the same time he sought to check the simony in the practices of the Apostolic Chamber and to that end introduced a simpler and more economical manner of life into his court. Innocent XII said that "the poor were his nephews" and compared his public beneficence to the nepotism of many predecessors.
Innocent XII also introduced various reforms into the States of the Church including the Forum Innocentianum, designed to improve the administration of justice dispensed by the Church. In 1693 he compelled French bishops to retract the four propositions relating to the Gallican Liberties which had been formulated by the assembly of 1682.
In 1699, he decided in favour of Jacques-Benigne Bossuet in that prelate's controversy with Fénelon about the Explication des Maximes des Saints sur la Vie Intérieure of the latter. Innocent XII's pontificate also differed greatly from his predecessors' because of his leanings towards France instead ofGermany; the first in the 20 years following France's failure to have its candidate elected in 1644 and 1655.
LONDON ANCIENT COINS
VERY RARE
Parchment in the name of Pope Innocent XII (Antonio Pignatelli)
...t;">
Date 1699
cm 29x22
PP6
Pope Innocent XII
Innocent XII
Papacy began12 July 1691
Papacy ended27 September 1700
PredecessorAlexander VIII
SuccessorClement XI
Orders
Consecration27 October 1652
by Marcantonio Franciotti
Created Cardinal1 September 1681
Personal details
Birth nameAntonio Pignatelli
Born13 March 1615
Spinazzola, Kingdom of Naples
Died27 September 1700(aged 85)
Rome, Papal State
Other popes named Innocent
Innocent XII (Latin: Innocentius PP. XII; Italian: Innocenzo XII; 13 March 1615 – 27 September 1700), born Antonio Pignatelli, was Pope of theRoman Catholic Church from 1691 to 1700.
Early life
Pignatelli was born on 13 March 1615 in Spinazzola (current Puglia) to one of the most aristocratic families of the Kingdom of Naples, which included many Viceroys, and ministers of the crown. He was educated at the Jesuit college in Rome.
At the age of 20 he became an official of the court of Pope Urban VIII. He served successive popes as nuncio to Florence, Vienna and Poland. Later he went to Malta where he served as an inquisitor.[1]
Cardinalate
In 1681 he was elevated to Cardinal by Pope Innocent XI and was made Cardinal-Priest of the Church of San Pancrazio in Rome. Later that year he was appointed Archbishop of Naples.
Papacy
Pope Alexander VIII died in 1691 and the College of Cardinals assembled to hold a conclave. Factions loyal to the Kingdom of France, Kingdom of Spain and the broader Holy Roman Empire failed to agree on a consensus candidate. After five months, Cardinal Pignatelli emerged as a compromise candidate between the cardinals of France and the Holy Roman Empire.[1]
Immediately after his election on 12 July 1691, Innocent XII declared his opposition to the nepotism which had afflicted the reigns of previous popes. The following year he issued the papal bull, Romanum decet Pontificem, banning the curial office of the Cardinal-Nephew and prohibiting popes from bestowing estates, offices, or revenues on any relative. Further, only one relative (and only "if otherwise suitable") was to be raised to the cardinalate.
At the same time he sought to check the simony in the practices of the Apostolic Chamber and to that end introduced a simpler and more economical manner of life into his court. Innocent XII said that "the poor were his nephews" and compared his public beneficence to the nepotism of many predecessors.
Innocent XII also introduced various reforms into the States of the Church including the Forum Innocentianum, designed to improve the administration of justice dispensed by the Church. In 1693 he compelled French bishops to retract the four propositions relating to the Gallican Liberties which had been formulated by the assembly of 1682.
In 1699, he decided in favour of Jacques-Benigne Bossuet in that prelate's controversy with Fénelon about the Explication des Maximes des Saints sur la Vie Intérieure of the latter. Innocent XII's pontificate also differed greatly from his predecessors' because of his leanings towards France instead ofGermany; the first in the 20 years following France's failure to have its candidate elected in 1644 and 1655.
