VERY RARE DVD - ENGLISH, FRENCH:ADVENTURES OF TINTIN - PRISONERS OF THE SUN - REMASTERD
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☆ VERY RARE DVD-ENGLISH+FRENCH:ADVENTURES OF TINTIN-PRISONERS OF THE SUN-REMASTERED ☆THE ONLY ONE AVAILABLE ANYWHERE!!!Stéphane Bernasconi and Colin O'Meara and Thierry WermuthThe Adventures of Tintin - Prisoners of the Sun DVD REMASTEREDIN ENGLISH AND FRENCHVERY RARE / The ONLY ONE FOR SALE ON THE INTERNET!!!VERY GOOD CONDITION WITH CASEDescriptionA team of explores discover the tomb of Rascar-Capac and they all fall victim to a mysterious illness that puts them i...nto a deep sleep. In trying to solve the mystery, Professor Calculus is kidnapped and taken to Peru by Indians. Tintin is called in to solve the mystery.REVIEW:5 OUT OF 5 ST*RS!!!Reviewed in the United States on February 10 by David H.Entertaining and faithful adaptation!!!I'm a big fan of the Tintin books and enjoy this animated series as well. Originally produced in Canada (and broadcast a while back on HBO), it's a faithful rendering of the exciting and funny adventures of the boy reporter, his dog Snowy, and his friends Captain Haddock, Professor Calculus, Thompson and Thomson et al. What I especially like about the series is that they devote two episodes (40+ minutes) to each story, which really lets them capture the spirit of the books. The rare exceptions are the one-episode stories (e.g., Red Rackham's Treasure), which feel rushed. If you're new to Tintin, I might start with The Black Island, which is one of the earlier adventures and stands up well by itself. Note also that this series is generally unavailable on DVD in the U.S. and is VERY hard to find!!!Product informationRun time1 hour and 17 minutesNumber of discs1Digital Media FormatNTSC, Widescreen, Dolby, Digital SoundActorsColin O'Meara, Thierry Wermuth, David Fox, Christian Pellissier, Henri LabussièreAspect Ratio16:9StudioImports
SOME GENERAL INFO ABOUT Tintin (character)From Wikipedia, the free encyclopediaJump to navigationJump to searchFor other uses, see Tintin (disambiguation), TintinA cartoon drawing of a young man and his white dog walking against clear background, Tintin and his dog Snowy, by HergéPublication informationPublisher Casterman (Belgium)First appearance Tintin in the Land of the Soviets (1929)in The Adventures of TintinCreated by HergéIn-story informationFull name TintinPartnerships List of main characters
Tintin illustrating the theme of diving in the corridors of the Blocry Sports Centre in Louvain-la-Neuve with scenes from the album Red Rackham's Treasure, Tintin (/ˈtɪntɪn/;[1] French: [tɛ̃tɛ̃]) is the titular protagonist of The Adventures of Tintin, the comics series by Belgian cartoonist Hergé, He is a reporter and adventurer who travels around the world with his dog Snowy, The character was created in 1929 and introduced in Le Petit Vingtième, a weekly youth supplement to the Belgian newspaper Le Vingtième Siècle, He appears as a young man, around 14 to 19 years old with a round face and quiff hairstyle, Tintin has a sharp intellect, can defend himself, and is honest, decent, compassionate, and kind, Through his investigative reporting, quick-thinking, and all-around good nature, Tintin is always able to solve the mystery and complete the adventure,
Unlike more colourful characters that he encounters, Tintin's personality is neutral, which allows the reader not merely to follow the adventures but assume Tintin's position within the story, Combined with Hergé's signature ligne claire ("clear line") style, this helps the reader "safely enter a sensually stimulating world", [2]
Tintin's creator died in 1983, yet his creation remains a popular literary figure, even featured in a 2011 Hollywood film, directed by Steven Spielberg, Tintin has been criticised for his controversial attitudes to race and other factors, been honoured by others for his "tremendous spirit", and has prompted a few to devote their careers to his study, General Charles de Gaulle "considered Tintin his only international rival", [3][4]
Contents1 History1, 1 Origins1, 2 Early development1, 3 Later development2 Characterisation2, 1 Description2, 2 Occupation2, 3 Skills and abilities2, 4 Personality3 Reception3, 1 Literary criticism3, 2 Controversy3, 3 Legacy3, 3, 1 Statues and commemorative murals of Tintin4 Adaptations4, 1 Tintin filmography5 See also6 References6, 1 Notes6, 2 Citations6, 3 Bibliography7 Further reading8 External linksHistoryOriginsHistoric photo of a handsome young man, Palle Huld, standing before classic Russian architecturePalle Huld, during his trip around the world in 1928, almost certainly influenced Hergé to create TinTin, [5]Hergé biographer Pierre Assouline noted that "Tintin had a prehistory", being influenced by a variety of sources that Hergé had encountered throughout his life, [6] Hergé noted that during his early schooling in the midst of World War I, when German armies occupied Belgium, he had drawn pictures in the margins of his school workbooks of an unnamed young man battling les Boches (a slang term for the Germans), [7] He later commented that these drawings depicted a brave and adventurous character using his intelligence and ingenuity against opponents, but none of these early drawings survive, [7]
Hergé was also influenced by the physical appearance and mannerisms of his younger brother Paul, who had a round face and a quiff hairstyle, [8] In search of adventure, Paul later joined the army, receiving jeers from fellow officers when the source of Hergé's visual inspiration became obvious, [9] Hergé later stated that in his youth, "I watched him a lot; he entertained me and fascinated me, , , It makes sense that Tintin took on his character, gestures, poses, He had a way of moving and a physical presence that must have inspired me without my knowing it, His gestures stayed in my mind, I copied them clumsily, without meaning to or even knowing I was doing it; it was him I was drawing, This is especially striking in the first drawings of Tintin in the Land of the Soviets, "[10]
In 1898, Benjamin Rabier and Fred Isly published an illustrated story titled Tintin-Lutin ("Tintin the Goblin"), in which they featured a small goblin boy named Tintin, who had a rounded face and quiff, Hergé claimed that Rabier's manner of drawing animals had influenced him, although he swore that he was unaware of the existence of Tintin-Lutin until one of his readers informed him of the similarity in 1970, [11] Hergé would also have been aware of the activities of a number of popular journalists who were well known in Belgium, most notably Joseph Kessel and Albert Londres, who may have been an influence on the development of Tintin, [12] Another potential influence was Palle Huld, a 15-year-old Danish Boy Scout travelling the world, [5] Robert Sexé, a French motorcycle photojournalist, is also considered to have inspired the first few of Tintin's adventures in the Soviet Union, the Belgian Congo, and the United States, Sexé has been noted to have a similar appearance to Tintin, and the Hergé Foundation in Belgium has admitted that it is not too hard to imagine how Hergé could have been influenced by the exploits of Sexé, [13][14][15]
A few years after Hergé discovered the joys of Scouting, [16][a] he became the unofficial artist for his Scout troop and drew a Boy Scout character for the national magazine Le Boy Scout Belge, This young man, whom he named Totor, travelled the globe and righted wrongs, all without ruffling his Scout honour, [18] As was the format for European comics at the time, the early drawings of Totor merely illustrated the story; the text that appeared below the drawings is what propelled the action, [18] Totor had been very much in Hergé's mind; its new comics character would be, Hergé himself later said, "the little brother of Totor , , , keeping the spirit of a Boy Scout, "[19] Assouline would describe Totor as "a sort of trial run" for Tintin, [6] while Harry Thompson noted that in several years he would "metamorphose" into Tintin, [20]
Hergé had seen the new style of American comics[21][b] and was ready to try it, Tintin's new comic would be a strip cartoon[3] with dialogue in speech bubbles[22][c] and drawings that carried the story, Young reporter Tintin would have the investigative acumen of Londres, the travelling abilities of Huld, and the high moral standing of Totor; the Boy Scout traveling reporter that Hergé would have liked to have been, [23]
Early development"The idea for the character of Tintin and the sort of adventures that would befall him came to me, I believe, in five minutes, the moment I first made a sketch of the figure of this hero: that is to say, he had not haunted my youth nor even my dreams, Although it's possible that as a child I imagined myself in the role of a sort of Tintin, "Hergé, 15 November 1966, [6]Tintin appeared after Hergé got his first job working at the Catholic newspaper Le Vingtième Siècle ("The Twentieth Century"), where his director challenged him to create a new serialised comic for its Thursday supplement for young readers, Le Petit Vingtième ("The Little Twentieth"), [24]
In the edition of 30 December 1928 of the satirical weekly newspaper Le Sifflet, Hergé had included two cartoon gags with word balloons, in which he depicted a boy and a little white dog, Abbe Wallez thought that these characters could be developed further, and asked Hergé to use characters like these for an adventure that could be serialised in Le Petit Vingtième, [25] Hergé agreed, creating The Adventures of Tintin as a result, Images of Tintin and Snowy first appeared in the youth supplement on 4 January 1929, in an advert for the upcoming series, [26] However, Hergé would later insist that Tintin would only be "born" on 10 January 1929, when Tintin in the Land of the Soviets began to be serialised in Le Petit Vingtieme, [27] Tintin was given plus fours for trousers because Hergé sometimes wore them, [6] Tintin did not have his quiff from the first installment, instead this only developed somewhat later, in what became page 8 of the printed volume, as Tintin is depicted getting into a car that drives off at high speeds, forcing the formation of his quiff, [28] Tintin in the Land of the Soviets would also feature Tintin writing a report on his activities in the Soviet Union to send back to Belgium; the only time in the entire series that he is actually seen reporting, [29]
Hergé later admitted that he did not take Tintin seriously in the early Adventures, explaining simply that he "put the character to the test" and that Tintin was simply created "as a joke between friends, forgotten the next day, "[30] Hergé biographer Benoît Peeters noted that throughout the early Adventures, Tintin was "supremely Belgian" in his characteristics, [30] a view echoed by biographer Pierre Assouline, who deemed all of the protagonists of the early Adventures "very Belgian", [31] Hergé himself commented: "my early works are books by a young Belgian filled with the prejudices and ideas of a Catholic, they are books that could have been written by any Belgian in my situation, They are not very intelligent, I know, and do me no honour: they are 'Belgian' books, "[31] Peeters deemed the early Tintin to be "a Sartre-esque character", an "existentialist before the term had been coined", having "no surname, no family, hardly anything of a face, and the mere semblance of a career, "[30] Ultimately, he deemed him nothing but a "narrative vehicle" for the story, being an otherwise incoherent character, [30]
Later development[icon] This section needs expansion, You can help by adding to it, (January 2014)CharacterisationDescriptionThe image of Tintin—a round-faced[32] young man running with a white fox terrier by his side—is easily one of the most recognisable visual icons of the twentieth century, [33] Hergé created Tintin as an ethnically white Belgian who was a native of Brussels, aged 14–15 years old with blonde hair, [34] Assouline deemed Tintin to be middle-class, which he considered one of the few traits that the character had in common with Hergé, [34] In his first appearance, Tintin is dressed in a long travelling coat and hat, a few pages later adopting his familiar plus fours, check suit, black socks, and Eton collar, (Hergé remembers a Canadian student at his college who was teased for wearing plus fours and Argyll socks; certainly an inspiration, )[35] At first, the famous quiff is plastered to Tintin's forehead, but during a particularly vigorous car chase, his quiff is out and remains so, [36] By the time he arrives in Chicago for his third adventure, both Hergé and his readers feel they know Tintin well, and he was to change little in either appearance or dress, [37] Hergé was once asked by interviewer Numa Sadoul how the character Tintin developed; he replied, "He practically did not evolve, Graphically, he remained an outline, Look at his features: his face is a sketch, a formula, "[38][d] This view was echoed by Assouline, who commented that graphically, Tintin was "as uncomplicated as the story line", [34]
Hergé never explained why he chose Tintin as the character's name, [citation needed] He had previously made use of alliteration with the name of his previous character, Totor, [citation needed] Michael Farr speculated that Hergé had adopted it from Rabier's Tintin le lutin, [40] although Hergé insisted that he did not learn of this book until 1970, [41] Farr incorrectly believed that "Tintin" was probably the character's surname because other characters, such as his landlady, occasionally refer to him as Mr, Tintin (as printed on his doorbell), [40] but "monsieur" is sometimes used with only a first name in French even today, especially in certain situations, and was common in the past, More specifically, use of only a person's first name is usually impolite even today and was so especially in the past, Assouline asserted that it could not be his surname because he lacked a family, [41] He thought that Hergé had adopted it because "it sounded heroic, clear, and cheerful" as well as being "easy to remember", [41]
Tintin's age is never specified, [40] Throughout the Adventures, published over 50 years, he remained youthful, [40] In 1970, Hergé commented that "For me, Tintin hasn't aged, What age do I give him? I don't know , , , 17? In my judgement, he was 14 or 15 when I created him, Boy Scout, and he has practically not moved on, Suppose he put on 3 or 4 years in 40 years , , , Good, work out an average, 15 and 4 equals 19, "[42]
OccupationFrom Tintin's first adventure, he lives the life of a campaigning reporter, [43] He is sent to the Soviet Union, where he writes his editor a dispatch, [44] He travels to the Belgian Congo, where he engages in photojournalism, When he travels to China in The Blue Lotus, the Shanghai News features the front-page headline, "Tintin's Own Story", In The Broken Ear, with notebook in hand, Tintin questions the director of the Museum of Ethnography over a recent theft, Sometimes Tintin is the one being interviewed, such as when a radio reporter presses him for details, "In your own words, "[45] But aside from a few examples, Tintin is never actually seen consulting with his editor or delivering a story, [44]
As his adventures continue, Tintin is less often seen reporting and is more often seen as a detective, [45] pursuing his investigative journalism from his flat at No, 26 Labrador Road, [46] Other characters refer to him as Sherlock Holmes, as he has a sharp intellect, an eye for detail, and powers of deduction, Like Holmes, he is occasionally a master of disguise, and in Rastapopoulos even has an archenemy, [45]
Tintin's occupation drifts further in later adventures, abandoning all pretence of reporting news and instead making it in his role of explorer, [47] Clearly unencumbered with financial preoccupations, after Red Rackham's Treasure he is ensconced as a permanent house guest in the stately Marlinspike Hall with retired mariner Captain Haddock and the scientist Professor Calculus, [46] Tintin occupies all of his time with his friends, exploring the bottom of the sea, the tops of the mountains, and the surface of the Moon (sixteen years before astronaut Neil Armstrong), [45] Through it all, Tintin finds himself cast in the role of international social crusader, sticking up for the underdog and looking after those less fortunate than himself, [48]
Skills and abilitiesFrom the first volume onward, Hergé depicted Tintin as being adept at driving or fixing any mechanical vehicle that he comes across, including cars, motorcycles, aeroplanes, and tanks, [49] Given the opportunity, Tintin is at ease driving any automobile, has driven a moon tank, and is comfortable with every aspect of aviation, He is also a skilled radio operator with knowledge of Morse code, [50] He packs a solid punch to a villain's jaw when necessary, demonstrates impressive swimming skills, and is a crack shot, [51] He proves himself a capable engineer and scientist during his adventure to the Moon, [50] He is also an excellent athlete, in outstanding condition, able to walk, run, and swim long distances, Hergé summarized Tintin's abilities thusly: "a hero without fear or reproach, "[35] More than anything else, Tintin is a quick thinker and an effective diplomat, He is simply an all-rounder, good at almost everything, which is what Hergé himself would have liked to be, [52]
PersonalityTintin's personality evolved as Hergé wrote the series, [30] Peeters related that in the early Adventures, Tintin's personality was "incoherent", in that he was "[s]ometimes foolish and sometimes omniscient, pious to the point of mockery and then unacceptably aggressive", ultimately just serving as a "narrative vehicle" for Hergé's plots, [30] Hergé biographer Pierre Assouline noted that in the early Adventures, Tintin showed "little sympathy for humanity", [31] Assouline described the character as "obviously celibate, excessively virtuous, chivalrous, brave, a defender of the weak and oppressed, never looks for trouble but always finds it; he is resourceful, takes chances, is discreet, and is a nonsmoker, "[34]
Michael Farr deemed Tintin to be an intrepid young man of high moral standing, with whom his audience can identify, [7] His rather neutral personality permits a balanced reflection of the evil, folly, and foolhardiness that surrounds him, allowing the reader to assume Tintin's position within the story rather than merely following the adventures of a strong protagonist, [53] Tintin's iconic representation enhances this aspect, with comics expert Scott McCloud noting that the combination of Tintin's iconic, neutral personality and Hergé's "unusually realistic", signature ligne claire ("clear line") style "allows the reader to mask themselves in a character and safely enter a sensually stimulating world, "[2]
To the other characters, Tintin is honest, decent, compassionate, and kind, [52] He is also modest and self-effacing, which Hergé also was, and is the most loyal of friends, which Hergé strove to be, [52] The reporter does have vices, becoming too tipsy before facing the firing squad (in The Broken Ear) or too angry when informing Captain Haddock that he nearly cost them their lives (in Explorers on the Moon), However, as Michael Farr observed, Tintin has "tremendous spirit" and, in Tintin in Tibet, was appropriately given the name Great Heart, [52] By turns, Tintin is innocent, politically crusading, escapist, and finally cynical, [54] If he had perhaps too much of the goody-goody about him, at least he was not priggish; Hergé admitting as much, saying, "If Tintin is a moralist, he's a moralist who doesn't take things too seriously, so humour is never far away from his stories, "[55] It is this sense of humour that makes the appeal of Tintin truly international, [54]
ReceptionThe Adventures of Tintin was one of the most popular European comics of the 20th century, and it remains popular today, By the time of the centenary of Hergé's birth in 2007, [56] Tintin had been published in more than 70 languages with sales of more than 200 million copies, [57]
Literary criticismMain article: List of books about TintinThe study of Tintin has become the life work of many literary critics, observers sometimes referring to this study as "Tintinology", [58] A prominent literary critic of Tintin is Philippe Goddin, "Belgium's leading authority on Hergé", [59] author of numerous books on the subject, including Hergé and Tintin, Reporters and the biography Hergé: lignes de vie, [60] In 1983, Benoît Peeters published Le Monde d'Hergé, subsequently published in English as Tintin and the World of Hergé in 1988, [61] The reporter Michael Farr brought Tintin literary criticism to the English language with works such as Tintin, 60 Years of Adventure (1989), Tintin: The Complete Companion (2001), [62] Tintin & Co, (2007)[63] and The Adventures of Hergé (2007), [64] as had English screenwriter Harry Thompson, the author of Tintin: Hergé and his Creation (1991), [65]
ControversyTintin's earliest stories naively depicted controversial images, with Tintin engaging in racial stereotypes, animal cruelty, violence, colonialism, including ethnocentric caricatured portrayals of non-Europeans, most notably in Tintin in the Congo, [66] Later, Hergé made corrections to Tintin's actions, for example, replacing Tintin's dynamiting of a rhinoceros with an incident in which the rhino accidentally discharges Tintin's rifle, and called his earlier actions "a transgression of my youth, "[67]
LegacyIn the end, you know, my only international rival is Tintin! We are the small ones, who do not let themselves be had by the great ones, –Charles de Gaulle[4] [e]As observed by Michael Farr, "Hergé created a hero who embodied human qualities and virtues but no faults, The Adventures of Tintin mirror the past century while Tintin himself provides a beacon of excellence for the future, "[52] Harry Thompson said Tintin is "almost featureless, ageless, sexless, and did not appear to be burdened with a personality, Yet this very anonymity remains the key to Tintin's gigantic international success, With so little to mark him out, anybody from Curaçao to Coventry can identify with him and live out his adventures, Millions have done so, both adults and children, including the likes of Steven Spielberg, Andy Warhol, Wim Wenders, Françoise Sagan, Harold Macmillan and General Charles de Gaulle, who considered Tintin his only international rival, "[3][4]
On 3 March 1983, when Hergé died at 76, [68] several leading French and Belgian newspapers devoted their front pages to the news, some illustrating it with a panel of Snowy grieving over his master's unconscious body, [69]
Statues and commemorative murals of TintinThe Grand Sablon / Grote Zavel, Brussels, Belgium contains a life sized bronze statue of Tintin and his fox terrier, Snowy just outside Comics cafe, [70][71]A mural on a building at Rue de l'Etuve / Stoofstraat recreates a scene of Tintin and Captain Haddock coming down a building fire escape from The Calculus Affair, [72]The South station in Brussels contains a huge reproduction of a panel from Tintin in America, [70]The Le Lombard building in Central Brussels (Near the South railway station) two giant heads of Tintin and Snowy on the roof, These are lit up with neon lights at night, Lombard was the editor of the Journal de Tintin, [73]The Stokkel/Stockel metro station in Brussels has huge panels with scenes from Tintin comic books painted as murals, [72]The Uccle cultural center (Rue Ruge)in Belgium has a life size statue of Tintin and Snowy, The statue was sculpted by Nat Neujeun and commissioned by Raymond Leblanc, the publisher of Le Petit Vingtieme, [74]Floral Street in Covent Garden (United Kingdom) contains a shop called The Tintin shop, containing Tintin memorabilia, [75]A restaurant on Zuidstraat, Brussels is named Le Lotus Bleu (after the original French name of the Tintin comic The Blue Lotus)[74]One of the high speed trains of Thalys is covered with images from Tintin comic books, [72]The Hergé museum in Brussels contains numerous memorabilia from Remi's works with respect to Tintin[72]Brussel's Comic Strip Center contains a 1952 bust of Tintin by the artist Nat Neujean[72]AdaptationsA computer-illustrated, moderately realistic-looking image of Tintin, a screenshot from his new movieTintin as he appears in Steven Spielberg's 2011 motion capture feature film The Adventures of Tintin: The Secret of the Unicorn as portrayed by Jamie BellTintin has appeared in real-life events staged by publishers for publicity stunts, Tintin's first live appearance was at the Gare du Nord station in Brussels on 8 May 1930, towards the end publication of the first adventure, Tintin in the Land of the Soviets, Fifteen-year-old Lucien Pepermans dressed to play the part and travelled with Hergé to the station by train, They were expecting only a handful of readers but instead found themselves mobbed by a whole horde of fans, [76][f] Fourteen-year-old Henri Dendoncker appeared as Tintin returning from Tintin in the Congo, [78][g] Others have played Tintin returning from the adventures Tintin in America and The Blue Lotus, [80]
Actress Jane Rubens was the first to play Tintin on stage in April 1941, [81] The plays, written by Jacques Van Melkebeke, included Tintin in India: The Mystery of the Blue Diamond and Mr, Boullock's Disappearance, She was later replaced by 11-year-old Roland Ravez, who also lent his voice to recordings of the Cigars of the Pharaoh and The Blue Lotus, [81] Jean-Pierre Talbot played Tintin in two live-action movie adaptations: Tintin and the Golden Fleece (1961) and Tintin and the Blue Oranges (1964), [82] Canadian actor Colin O'Meara voiced Tintin in the 1991 Canadian-made The Adventures of Tintin animated TV series, which originally aired on HBO and subsequently on Nickelodeon, At the same time, actor Richard Pearce provided the voice of Tintin for a radio drama series of Tintin created by the BBC, which also st*rred Andrew Sachs as Snowy, [83] In 2005, English actor Russell Tovey played the role at the London Barbican Theatre for a Young Vic adaptation of Tintin in Tibet, [84]
Shortly before Hergé's death in 1983, he came to admire the work of Steven Spielberg; whom he felt was the only director who could successfully bring his Tintin to the big screen, [85] The result was the 2011 motion capture feature film The Adventures of Tintin: The Secret of the Unicorn, which merges plots from several Tintin books,
Tintin filmographyFeature films1961 : Tintin and the Golden Fleece (Tintin et le Mystère de la Toison d'or) by Jean-Jacques Vierne1964 : Tintin and the Blue Oranges (Tintin et les Oranges bleues) by Philippe CondroyerAnimated films1947 : The Crab with the Golden Claws (Le Crabe aux pinces d'or) by Claude Misonne1964 : The Calculus Case by Ray Goossens1969 : Tintin et la SGM by Raymond Leblanc1969 : Tintin and the Temple of the Sun (Tintin et le Temple du Soleil) by Eddie Lateste1972 : Tintin and the Lake of Sharks (Tintin et le lac aux requins) by Raymond Leblanc2011 : The Adventures of Tintin (Les Aventures de Tintin: Le Secret de La Licorne) by Steven SpielbergTelevision series1957-1961 : Hergé's Adventures of Tintin (animated series)[86]1992 : The Adventures of Tintin (animated series of 3 seasons 13 episodes each)See alsoList of The Adventures of Tintin charactersReferencesNotes Of his childhood, Hergé said, "I have memories, but these do not begin to brighten, to become coloured until the moment when I discovered Scouting, "[17] Léon Degrelle, Rexist leader, protégé of Hitler, and foreign correspondent of Le Vingtième Siècle, was acquainted with Hergé and sent him "local newspapers in which there were American strip cartoons, That's how I came across my first comics, " (Hergé, in 1975)[21] Belgian readers were not acquainted with the American strip cartoons that Hergé had recently become familiar with, so most had never seen speech bubbles before, "Hergé virtually pioneered their use in Europe, " Harry Thompson points out, "Readers reacted to the early works and deeds of Tintin as if they were carved on tablets of stone, "[22] Should the reader examine any image of Tintin in his comic strips, they "will see that Tintin always moves from left to right, advancing the story, Obstacles come at him from right to left, and when he moves in that direction he is usually experiencing a setback, " (Harry Thompson, adding that 1934's Cigars of the Pharaoh had to be redrawn in 1955 as it had not adhered to this formula, )[39] "Au fond, vous savez, mon seul rival international c'est Tintin! Nous sommes les petits qui ne se laissent pas avoir par les grands, " Spoken by French general Charles de Gaulle, according to his Minister for Cultural Affairs André Malraux, De Gaulle had just banned all NATO aircraft bases from France; "the great ones" referred to USA and USSR, De Gaulle then added, "On ne s'en aperçoit pas, à cause de ma taille, " ("Only nobody notices the likeness because of my height, ")[4] Some seventy years later, in 2000, Pepermans, now living in a retirement home, was guest of honour at a meeting of the Amis d'Hergé ("Friends of Hergé"), hosted by Jean-Pierre Talbot, former Tintin actor, [77] On 9 July 1931, Boy Scout Henri Dendoncker dressed in African safari gear and played the part for Tintin's return from the Congo, He appeared with a fox terrier representing Snowy, accompanied by Hergé, ten Congolese, and two other boys dressed as Quick & Flupke, [79] Later, during World War II, Dendoncker served with Britain's SOE, Captured by Nazi Germany, he survived the concentration camps, was decorated by the Queen, and became a British citizen under the name "Henri Dark", [78]Citations Wells, John C, (2008), Longman Pronunciation Dictionary (3rd ed, ), Longman, ISBN 978-1-4058-8118-0, McCloud 1993, pp, 42–43, Thompson 1991, p, 34, Charles-de-Gaulle, org 1958; The New York Times 5 March 1983; Lofficier & Lofficier 2002, p, 9, Jensen 2012; Liljestrand 2012, Assouline 2009, p, 19, Farr 2007, p, 11, Thompson 1991, p, 16; Peeters 2012, p, 20, Thompson 1991, p, 19, Peeters 2012, p, 34; Farr 2007, p, 16; Le Soir December 1940, Assouline 2009, p, 21; Farr 2007, p, 17, Farr 2007, p, 13; Thompson 1991, p, 39; Assouline 2009, p, 20; Peeters 2012, p, 34, Paterson, Tony (7 December 2010), "Tintin and the figure of mysterious inspiration", The Independent, Retrieved 15 March 2018, Gardner, France (30 October 2011), Tintin's Adventure with Frank Gardner (Documentary), Webster, Paul (17 May 1999), "Writer tracks down Tintin's real life inspiration", Retrieved 15 March 2018, Thompson 1991, p, 17; Farr 2007, p, 12; Le Monde February 1973, Farr 2007, p, 12; Le Monde February 1973, Thompson 1991, pp, 25–26, Farr 2007, p, 13; Assouline 2009, p, 19; Sadoul 1975, Thompson 1991, p, 25, Farr 2007a, p, 53; La Libre Belgique December 1975, Thompson 1991, p, 7, Farr 2007, pp, 13–14, Thompson 1991, pp, 17, 27–29, Peeters 2012, pp, 32–33, Assouline 2009, p, 22, Farr 2001, p, 8; Assouline 2009, p, 19, Assouline 2009, p, 9; Peeters 2012, p, 37, Peeters 2012, p, 34, Peeters 2012, p, 36, Assouline 2009, p, 23, Thompson 1991, p, 81, Lofficier & Lofficier 2002, p, 9, Assouline 2009, p, 20, Thompson 1991, p, 35, Farr 2007, p, 16; Thompson 1991, p, 33, Farr 2007, p, 18, Farr 2007, p, 18; Sadoul 1975, Thompson 1991, p, 71, Farr 2007, p, 17, Assouline 2009, p, 21, Farr 2007, p, 17; Sadoul 1975, Thompson 1991, p, 119; Farr 2007, p, 14, Thompson 1991, pp, 38–39; Farr 2007, p, 15, Farr 2007, p, 15, Thompson 1991, p, 119, Thompson 1991, p, 147; Farr 2007, p, 15, Thompson 1991, pp, 24, 77, Farr 2007, p, 19; Peeters 2012, p, 36, Farr 2007, p, 19, Farr 2007, p, 20, Farr 2007, p, 21, Walker 2005, Thompson 1991, p, 299, Thompson 1991, pp, 35–36, Pollard 2007; Bostock & Brennan 2007; The Age 24 May 2006; Junkers 2007, Farr 2001, p, 4, Wagner 2006, Farr 2007, p, 6, La Libre 2007, Peeters 1989, Farr 2001, Farr 2007, Farr 2007a, Thompson 1991, Farr 2001, pp, 22–25, Thompson 1991, pp, 38, 49, The New York Times 5 March 1983, Lofficier & Lofficier 2002, p, 11, Damien, "Field Report: Tintin and Hergé in Brussels", A113 Animation, Archived from the original on 11 October 2013, Retrieved 3 March 2014, Nick and Charlie, "Magritte and Tin Tin Fun", Blog – visit to Brussels, Honeymoon world tour, Archived from the original on 29 November 2014, Retrieved 3 March 2014, "Tintin Tracking in Comic-Crazy Brussels", The Huffington Post, 21 December 2011, Archived from the original on 8 March 2014, Retrieved 3 March 2014, Studios Hergé, Moulinsart, "Tintin in Brussels", Official route drawn by Moulinsart and Studios Hergé, Moulinsart and Studios Hergé, Archived from the original on 13 May 2014, Retrieved 3 March 2014, "In Brussels", Cheung family adventures, Blog – Cheung family, 17 January 2012, Archived from the original on 9 March 2014, Retrieved 3 March 2014, Tiger, Silver (20 January 2010), "Around Floral Street", Covent Garden, Blog, Archived from the original on 8 March 2014, Retrieved 3 March 2014, Goddin 2008, p, 67, La Dernière Heure 2003, Slater 2009, Sadoul 1975, Thompson 1991, p, 57, Przybylski 2003, Lofficier & Lofficier 2002, pp, 144–146, Lofficier & Lofficier 2002, p, 148, Barbican 2005, Farr 2007a, p, 71, "Planète Jeunesse - Les Aventures de Tintin (1957)", www, planete-jeunesse, com, BibliographyAssouline, Pierre (2009) [1996], Hergé, the Man Who Created Tintin, Charles Ruas (translator), Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press, ISBN 978-0-19-539759-8, Bostock, Sarah; Brennan, Jon (10 January 2007), "Talk of the toon", The Guardian, London, Archived from the original on 20 December 2013, Retrieved 14 June 2013, Farr, Michael (2001), Tintin: The Complete Companion, London: John Murray, ISBN 978-0-7195-5522-0, Farr, Michael (2007), Tintin & Co, London: John Murray Publishers Ltd, ISBN 978-1-4052-3264-7, Farr, Michael (2007a), The Adventures of Hergé (Re-release ed, ), San Francisco: Last Gasp (first published in 2007 by John Murray Publishers Ltd, ), ISBN 978-0-86719-679-5, Goddin, Philippe (2008), The Art of Hergé, Inventor of Tintin: Volume 1, 1907–1937, Michael Farr (translator), San Francisco: Last Gasp, ISBN 978-0-86719-706-8, Jensen, Jacob Wendt (22 December 2012), "Tintin en eventyrerefter dansk forbillede" [Tintin an adventurer on the Danish model], Berlingske Tidende (in Danish), Copenhagen, Archived from the original on 3 February 2015, Retrieved 7 August 2013, Junkers, Dorothee (22 May 2007), "Centennial of Tintin's Hergé noted", Taipei Times, Taipei, Archived from the original on 20 December 2013, Retrieved 22 June 2013, Liljestrand, Jens (22 August 2012), "Palle Huld: Jorden rundt i 44 dage" [Palle Huld: Round the Earth in 44 Days], Dagens Nyheter (in Swedish), Stockholm, Archived from the original on 25 November 2012, Retrieved 10 December 2013, Lofficier, Jean-Marc; Lofficier, Randy (2002), The Pocket Essential Tintin, Harpenden, Hertfordshire: Pocket Essentials, ISBN 978-1-904048-17-6, McCloud, Scott (1993), Understanding Comics: The Invisible Art, Princeton, Wisconsin: Kitchen Sink Press, ISBN 978-0-87816-243-7, Peeters, Benoît (1989), Tintin and the World of Hergé, London: Methuen Children's Books, ISBN 978-0-416-14882-4, Peeters, Benoît (2012) [2002], Hergé: Son of Tintin, Tina A, Kover (translator), Baltimore, Maryland: Johns Hopkins University Press, ISBN 978-1-4214-0454-7, Pollard, Lawrence (22 May 2007), "Belgium honours Tintin's creator", London: BBC News, Archived from the original on 3 October 2007, Retrieved 22 June 2013, Przybylski, Eddy (27 February 2003), "A 11 ans, Roland Ravez fut Tintin au théâtre" [At age 11, Roland Ravez was Tintin in theater], Brussels: DH, be, Archived from the original on 30 December 2013, Retrieved 29 December 2013, Sadoul, Numa (1975), Tintin et moi: entretiens avec Hergé [Tintin and I: Interviews with Hergé] (in French), Tournai: Casterman, ISBN 978-2-08-080052-7, Slater, Daniel (27 July 2009), "Le vrai héros de Tintin au Congo" [The Real Hero of Tintin in the Congo], Le Soir (in French), Brussels, Archived from the original on 20 December 2013, Retrieved 29 December 2013, Thompson, Harry (1991), Tintin: Hergé and his Creation, London: Hodder and Stoughton, ISBN 978-0-340-52393-3, Wagner, Erica (9 December 2006), "Tintin at the top", The Times, London, Retrieved 11 March 2011, Walker, Andrew (16 December 2005), "Faces of the week", London: BBC News, Archived from the original on 20 December 2013, Retrieved 18 December 2013, "Ce mysteriéux Monsieur Hergé" [That Mysterious Mister Hergé], La Dernière Heure (in French), Brussels, 2003, "De Gaulle seen by himself", Foundation Charles-de-Gaulle, org, September 1958, Archived from the original on 4 December 2013, Retrieved 14 June 2013, "Hergé's Adventures of Tintin at the Barbican Theatre", Barbican, org, uk, 1 December 2005, Archived from the original on 13 December 2013, Retrieved 10 December 2013, "Les 'lignes de vie' d'Hergé" [The "Life Lines" of Hergé], La Libre Belgique (in French), Brussels, 25 October 2007, Archived from the original on 10 November 2013, Retrieved 23 December 2013, "Obituary: Georges Remi, creator of comic figure Tintin", The New York Times, New York City, 5 March 1983, Archived from the original on 8 January 2014, Retrieved 12 September 2006, "Tintin creator's centenary", The Age, Melbourne, 24 May 2006, Archived from the original on 15 March 2014, Retrieved 22 December 2012, "(Title unknown)", Le Soir (in French), Brussels, December 1940, Researched by Michael Farr for Tintin & Co, , 2007, "(Title unknown)", Le Monde (in French), Paris, February 1973, Researched by Michael Farr for Tintin & Co, , 2007, "(Title unknown)", La Libre Belgique (in French), Brussels, December 1975, Researched by Michael Farr for Tintin & Co, , 2007, Further readingApostolidès, Jean-Marie (2010) [2006], The Metamorphoses of Tintin, or Tintin for Adults, Jocelyn Hoy (translator), Stanford: Stanford University Press, ISBN 978-0-8047-6031-7, Goddin, Philippe (2010), The Art of Hergé, Inventor of Tintin: Volume 2, 1937–1949, Michael Farr (translator), San Francisco: Last Gasp, ISBN 978-0-86719-724-2, Goddin, Philippe (2011), The Art of Hergé, Inventor of Tintin: Volume 3: 1950–1983, Michael Farr (translator), San Francisco: Last Gasp, ISBN 978-0-86719-763-1, McCarthy, Tom (2006), Tintin and the Secret of Literature, London: Granta, ISBN 978-1-86207-831-4, External linksOfficial websiteTintinologist, org – Long-established English-language fan site, Hachettebookgroup, com – Tintin books, USAuthority control Edit this at Wikidata BNF: cb122860586 (data)GND: 119451425LCCN: nb2017008072NLP: A28358661SELIBR: 264409SUDOC: 031693784VIAF: 77125852WorldCat Identities: viaf-44151776805418012310vteThe Adventures of Tintin by HergéThe Adventuresof Tintin Tintin in the Land of the Soviets (1930)Tintin in the Congo (1931)Tintin in America (1932)Cigars of the Pharaoh (1934)The Blue Lotus (1936)The Broken Ear (1937)The Black Island (1938)King Ottokar's Sceptre (1939)The Crab with the Golden Claws (1941)The Shooting st*r (1942)The Secret of the Unicorn (1943)Red Rackham's Treasure (1944)The Seven Crystal Balls (1948)Prisoners of the Sun (1949)Land of Black Gold (1950)Destination Moon (1953)Explorers on the Moon (1954)The Calculus Affair (1956)The Red Sea Sharks (1958)Tintin in Tibet (1960)The Castafiore Emerald (1963)Flight 714 to Sydney (1968)Tintin and the Picaros (1976)Tintin and Alph-Art (1986, unfinished)Le Thermozéro (unfinished, unpublished)Characters TintinSnowyCaptain HaddockProfessor CalculusThomson and ThompsonRastapopoulosBianca CastafioreChang Chong-ChenNestorJolyon WaggSettings BorduriaKhemedMarlinspike HallSan TheodorosSyldaviaThe UnicornWadesdahOther settingsFeature films Animated The Crab with the Golden Claws (1947)Tintin and the Temple of the Sun (1969)Tintin and the Lake of Sharks (1972)The Adventures of Tintin (2011)Live-action Tintin and the Golden Fleece (1961)Tintin and the Blue Oranges (1964)Television series Hergé's Adventures of Tintin (1958–62)The Adventures of Tintin (1991–92)Home videoDocumentaries I, Tintin (1976)Tintin and I (2003)Stage The Mystery of the Blue Diamond (1941)Mr, Boullock's Disappearance (1941)Kuifje – De Zonnetempel (De Musical) (2001)Tintin – Le Temple du Soleil – Le Spectacle Musical (2002)Video games Tintin on the Moon (1987)Tintin in Tibet (1996)Prisoners of the Sun (1997)Tintin: Destination Adventure (2001)The Adventures of Tintin: The Secret of the Unicorn (2011)Other mediaand memorabilia Tintin mediaBooks about Tintin Tintin and the World of HergéTintin magazineTintin postage stampsTintin coinsCollaboratorsof Hergé Studios HergéBob de MoorEdgar P, JacobsJacques MartinGregRoger LeloupJosette BaujotJacques Van MelkebekeZhang ChongrenLegacy of Hergé Hergé FoundationIdeology of TintinLigne claireMusée HergéParodies and pastiches Breaking FreeTintin in ThailandPublishers Bonnier GroupCarlsen VerlagCastermanEgmontGolden PressLe LombardMethuen PublishingLe Petit VingtièmeLe SoirTintin (magazine)Little, Brown & Co, Literary critics Michael FarrPhilippe GoddinBenoît PeetersYves RodierNuma SadoulWikipedia book BookCategory CategorySpeech balloon, svgComics portalCategories: Tintin charactersComics characters introduced in 1929Fictional reportersFictional amateur detectivesFictional Belgian peopleFictional explorersMagazine mascotsMale characters in comicsScouting and Guiding in BelgiumHergé charactersFictional astronautsFictional colonels--------------------ABOUT The Adventures of TintinFrom Wikipedia, the free encyclopediaJump to navigationJump to searchThis article is about the comics, For the 2011 film, see The Adventures of Tintin (film), For other uses, see The Adventures of Tintin (disambiguation), The Adventures of TintinTintin is standing in a group amongst the main characters of the comics series, The main characters of The Adventures of Tintin from left to right:Professor Calculus, Captain Haddock, Tintin, Thompson, Snowy (dog), Thomson, and Bianca CastafioreCreated by HergéPublication informationPublisher CastermanLe LombardEgmont GroupTitle(s)Formats Original material for the series has been published as a strip in the comics anthology(s)Le Petit VingtièmeLe SoirTintin magazine and a set of graphic novels, Original language FrenchGenre Action/adventurePublication date 1929 – 1976Main character(s) TintinSnowyCaptain HaddockProfessor CalculusThomson and ThompsonBianca CastafioreCreative teamWriter(s) HergéArtist(s) HergéUncredited:Bob de MoorEdgar P, JacobsJacques MartinRoger LeloupColourist(s) Edgar P, JacobsJosette BaujotFanny Rodwell(all uncredited)
Tintin illustrating the theme of diving in the corridors of the Blocry Sports Centre in Louvain-la-Neuve with scenes from the album Red Rackham's Treasure, The Adventures of Tintin (French: Les Aventures de Tintin [lez‿avɑ̃tyʁ də tɛ̃tɛ̃]) is a series of 24 bande dessinée albums created by Belgian cartoonist Georges Remi, who wrote under the pen name Hergé, The series was one of the most popular European comics of the 20th century, By 2007, a century after Hergé's birth in 1907, [1] Tintin had been published in more than 70 languages with sales of more than 200 million copies, [2] and had been adapted for radio, television, theatre, and film,
The series first appeared in French on 10 January 1929, in Le Petit Vingtième (The Little Twentieth), a youth supplement to the Belgian newspaper Le Vingtième Siècle (The Twentieth Century), The success of the series led to serialised strips published in Belgium's leading newspaper Le Soir (The Evening) and spun into a successful Tintin magazine, In 1950, Hergé created Studios Hergé, which produced the canonical versions of 11 Tintin albums,
The series is set during a largely realistic[3] 20th century, Its hero is Tintin, a courageous young Belgian reporter and adventurer, He is aided by his faithful dog Snowy (Milou in the original French edition), Other protagonists include the brash and cynical Captain Haddock and the intelligent but hearing-impaired Professor Calculus (French: Professeur Tournesol), as well as the incompetent detectives Thomson and Thompson (French: Dupont et Dupond) and the opera diva Bianca Castafiore,
The series has been admired for its clean, expressive drawings in Hergé's signature ligne claire ("clear line") style, [4] Its well-researched[5] plots straddle a variety of genres: swashbuckling adventures with elements of fantasy, action, mysteries, political thrillers, and science fiction, The stories feature slapstick humour, offset by dashes of sophisticated satire and political or cultural commentary,
Contents1 History1, 1 Le Vingtième Siècle: 1929–19391, 2 Le Soir: 1940–19451, 3 Le Journal de Tintin: 1946–19832 Characters2, 1 Tintin and Snowy2, 2 Captain Haddock2, 3 Professor Calculus2, 4 Supporting characters3 Settings4 Research5 Influences6 Translation into English6, 1 British6, 2 American6, 3 Digital6, 4 Lettering and typography7 Reception7, 1 Awards7, 2 Literary criticism7, 3 Controversy8 Adaptations and memorabilia8, 1 Television and radio8, 2 Cinema8, 3 Documentaries8, 4 Theatre8, 5 Video games8, 6 Memorabilia and merchandise8, 7 Stamps and coins8, 8 Parody and pastiche8, 9 Exhibitions9 Legacy10 List of titles11 See also12 References12, 1 Notes12, 2 Citations12, 3 Bibliography13 Further reading14 External linksHistoryLe Vingtième Siècle: 1929–1939"The idea for the character of Tintin and the sort of adventures that would befall him came to me, I believe, in five minutes, the moment I first made a sketch of the figure of this hero: that is to say, he had not haunted my youth nor even my dreams, Although it's possible that as a child I imagined myself in the role of a sort of Tintin, "—Hergé, 15 November 1966, [6]Georges Prosper Remi, best known under the pen name Hergé, was employed as an illustrator at Le Vingtième Siècle (The Twentieth Century), a staunchly Roman Catholic, conservative Belgian newspaper based in Hergé's native Brussels, Run by the Abbé Norbert Wallez, the paper described itself as a "Catholic Newspaper for Doctrine and Information" and disseminated a far-right, fascist viewpoint, [7] Wallez appointed Hergé editor of a new Thursday youth supplement, titled Le Petit Vingtième ("The Little Twentieth"), [8] Propagating Wallez's sociopolitical views to its young readership, it contained explicitly profascist and antisemitic sentiment, [9] In addition to editing the supplement, Hergé illustrated L'extraordinaire aventure de Flup, Nénesse, Poussette et Cochonnet (The Extraordinary Adventures of Flup, Nénesse, Poussette and Cochonnet), [10] a comic strip authored by a member of the newspaper's sport staff, Dissatisfied with this, Hergé wanted to write and draw his own cartoon strip, [11]
He already had experience creating comic strips, From July 1926, he had written a strip about a Boy Scout patrol leader titled Les Aventures de Totor C, P, des Hannetons (The Adventures of Totor, Scout Leader of the Cockchafers) for the Scouting newspaper Le Boy Scout Belge (The Belgian Boy Scout), [11] Totor was a strong influence on Tintin, [12] with Hergé describing the latter as being like Totor's younger brother, [6] Jean-Marc and Randy Lofficier stated that graphically, Totor and Tintin were "virtually identical" except for the Scout uniform, [13] also noting many similarities between their respective adventures, particularly in the illustration style, the fast pace of the story, and the use of humour, [14] He was fascinated by new techniques in the medium such as the systematic use of speech bubbles—found in such American comics as George McManus' Bringing up Father, George Herriman's Krazy Kat, and Rudolph Dirks's Katzenjammer Kids, copies of which had been sent to him from Mexico by the paper's reporter Léon Degrelle, [15]
The front page of the 1 May 1930 edition of Le Petit Vingtième, declaring "Tintin revient!" ("Tintin Returns!") from his adventure in the Soviet Union, [16]Although Hergé wanted to send Tintin to the United States, Wallez ordered him to set his adventure in the Soviet Union, acting as antisocialist propaganda for children, The result, Tintin in the Land of the Soviets, was serialised in Le Petit Vingtième from January 1929 to May 1930, [17] Popular in Francophone Belgium, Wallez organised a publicity stunt at the Paris Gare du Nord railway station, following which he organised the publication of the story in book form, [18] The story's popularity led to an increase in sales, so Wallez granted Hergé two assistants, [19] At Wallez's direction, in June he began serialisation of the second story, Tintin in the Congo, designed to encourage colonial sentiment towards the Belgian Congo, Authored in a paternalistic style that depicted the Congolese as child-like idiots, in later decades it was accused of racism, but at the time was uncontroversial and popular, and further publicity stunts were held to increase sales, [20]
For the third adventure, Tintin in America, serialised from September 1931 to October 1932, Hergé finally got to deal with a scenario of his own choice, and used the work to push an anticapitalist, anticonsumerist agenda in keeping with the paper's ultraconservative ideology, [21] The Adventures of Tintin had been syndicated to a Catholic magazine named Cœurs Vaillants (Brave Hearts) since 1930, and Hergé was soon receiving syndication requests from Swiss and Portuguese newspapers, too, [22]
Hergé went on to pen a string of Adventures of Tintin, sending his character to real locations such as the Belgian Congo, the United States, Egypt, India, Tibet, China, and the United Kingdom, He also sent Tintin to fictional countries of his own devising, such as the Latin American republic of San Theodoros, the East European kingdom of Syldavia, or the fascist state of Borduria—whose leader, Müsstler, was a combination of Nazi German leader Adolf Hitler and Italian Fascist leader Benito Mussolini, [23]
Le Soir: 1940–1945In May 1940, Nazi Germany invaded Belgium as World War II spread further across Europe, Although Hergé briefly fled to France and considered a self-imposed exile, he ultimately decided to return to his occupied homeland, [24] For political reasons, the Nazi authorities closed down Le Vingtième Siècle, leaving Hergé unemployed, [25] In search of employment, he got a job as an illustrator at Belgium's leading newspaper, Le Soir (The Evening), which was allowed to continue publication under German management, [26] On 17 October 1940, he was made editor of the children's supplement, Le Soir Jeunesse, in which he set about producing new Tintin adventures, [27] In this new, more repressive political climate of German-occupied Belgium, Hergé could no longer politicize The Adventures of Tintin lest he be arrested by the Gestapo, As Harry Thompson noted, Tintin's role as a reporter came to an end, to be replaced by his new role as an explorer, [28]
Le Journal de Tintin: 1946–1983In September 1944, the Allies entered Brussels and Hergé's German employers fled, Le Soir was shut down and The Adventures of Tintin was put on hold, [29] Then in 1946, Hergé accepted an invitation from Belgian comic publisher Raymond Leblanc and his new publishing company Le Lombard to continue The Adventures of Tintin in the new Le journal de Tintin (Tintin magazine), [30] Hergé quickly learned that he no longer had the independence he preferred; he was required to produce two coloured pages a week for Leblanc's magazine—a tall order, [31]
In 1950, Hergé began to poach the better members of the Tintin magazine staff to work in the large house on Avenue Louise that contained the fledgling Studios Hergé, [32] Bob De Moor (who imitated Hergé's style and did half the work), [32] Guy Dessicy (colourist), and Marcel DeHaye (secretary) were the nucleus, To this, Hergé added Jacques Martin (imitated Hergé's style), Roger Leloup (detailed, realistic drawings), Eugène Evany (later chief of the Studios), [30] Michel Demaret (letterer), and Baudouin Van Den Branden (secretary), [33] As Harry Thompson observed, the idea was to turn the process of creating The Adventures of Tintin into a "veritable production line, the artwork passing from person to person, everyone knowing their part, like an artistic orchestra with Hergé conducting, "[34] The studios produced eight new Tintin albums for Tintin magazine, and coloured and reformatted two old Tintin albums, Studios Hergé continued to release additional publications until Hergé's death in 1983, In 1986, a 24th unfinished album was released, the studios were disbanded, and the assets were transferred to the Hergé Foundation, [35]
CharactersTintin and SnowyMain articles: Tintin (character) and Snowy (character)Tintin is a young Belgian reporter and adventurer who becomes involved in dangerous cases in which he takes heroic action to save the day, The Adventures may feature Tintin hard at work in his investigative journalism, but seldom is he seen actually turning in a story,
Readers and critics have described Tintin as a well-rounded yet open-ended, intelligent, and creative character, noting that his rather neutral personality—sometimes labelled as bland—permits a balanced reflection of the evil, folly, and foolhardiness, which surrounds him, The character never compromises his Boy Scout ideals, which represent Hergé's own, and his status allows the reader to assume his position within the story, rather than merely following the adventures of a strong protagonist, [36] Tintin's iconic representation enhances this aspect, with Scott McCloud noting that it "allows readers to mask themselves in a character and safely enter a sensually stimulating world, "[37]
Snowy (Milou in Hergé's original version), a white Wire Fox Terrier dog, is Tintin's loyal companion, Like Captain Haddock, he is fond of Loch Lomond brand Scotch whisky, and Snowy's occasional bouts of drinking tend to get him into trouble, as does his only fear: arachnophobia,
Captain HaddockMain article: Captain HaddockCaptain Archibald Haddock (Capitaine Haddock in Hergé's original version) is a Merchant Marine sea captain and Tintin's best friend, Introduced in The Crab with the Golden Claws, Haddock is initially depicted as a weak and alcoholic character, but later evolves to become genuinely heroic and even a socialite after he finds a treasure from his ancestor, Sir Francis Haddock (Chevalier François de Hadoque in the original version), The Captain's coarse humanity and sarcasm act as a counterpoint to Tintin's often-implausible heroism; he is always quick with a dry comment whenever the boy reporter seems too idealistic, The hot-tempered Haddock uses a range of colourful insults and curses to express his feelings, such as "billions of billious blue blistering barnacles" (Mille milliards de mille sabords de tonnerre de Brest in the original version) or "ten thousand thundering typhoons",
Professor CalculusMain article: Professor CalculusProfessor Cuthbert Calculus (Professeur Tryphon Tournesol in Hergé's original version; tournesol is the French word for "sunflower") is an absent-minded and partially deaf physicist and a regular character alongside Tintin, Snowy, and Captain Haddock, He was introduced in Red Rackham's Treasure, and based partially on Auguste Piccard, a Swiss physicist, [38]
Supporting charactersMain article: List of The Adventures of Tintin characters"Everybody wants to be Tintin: generation after generation, In a world of Rastapopouloses, Tricklers and Carreidases—or, more prosaically, Jolyon Waggs and Bolt-the-builders—Tintin represents an unattainable ideal of goodness, cleanness, authenticity, "—Literary critic Tom McCarthy, 2006[39]Hergé's supporting characters have been cited as far more developed than the central character, each imbued with strength of character and depth of personality, which has been compared with that of the characters of Charles Dickens, [40] Hergé used the supporting characters to create a realistic world[3] in which to set his protagonists' adventures, To further the realism and continuity, characters would recur throughout the series, The occupation of Belgium and the restrictions imposed upon Hergé forced him to focus on characterisation to avoid depicting troublesome political situations, As a result, the colourful supporting cast was developed during this period, [41]
Thomson and Thompson (Dupont et Dupond in Hergé's original version) are two incompetent detectives who look like identical twins, their only discernible difference being the shape of their moustaches, [42] First introduced in Cigars of the Pharaoh, they provide much of the comic relief throughout the series, being afflicted with chronic spoonerisms, They are extremely clumsy, thoroughly incompetent, and usually bent on arresting the wrong character, The detectives usually wear bowler hats and carry walking sticks except when sent abroad; during those missions they attempt the national costume of the locality they are visiting, but instead dress in conspicuously stereotypical folkloric attire which makes them stand apart, The detectives were based partly on Hergé's father Alexis and uncle Léon, identical twins who often took walks together, wearing matching bowler hats while carrying matching walking sticks,
Bianca Castafiore is an opera singer of whom Haddock is terrified, She was first introduced in King Ottokar's Sceptre and seems to appear wherever the protagonists travel, along with her maid Irma and pianist Igor Wagner, Although amiable and strong-willed, she is also comically foolish, whimsical, absent-minded, talkative, and seemingly unaware that her voice is shrill and appallingly loud, Her speciality is the Jewel Song (Ah! Je ris de me voir si belle en ce miroir / Ah! My beauty past compare, these jewels bright I wear) from Gounod's opera, Faust, which she sings at the least provocation, much to Haddock's dismay, She is often maternal toward Haddock, of whose dislike she remains ignorant, She often confuses words, especially names, with other words that rhyme with them or of which they remind her; "Haddock" is frequently replaced by malapropisms such as "Paddock", "Stopcock", or "Hopscotch", while Nestor, Haddock's butler, is confused with "Chestor" and "Hector", Her own name means "white and chaste flower": a meaning to which Professor Calculus once refers when he breeds a white rose and names it for the singer, She was based upon opera divas in general (according to Hergé's perception), Hergé's Aunt Ninie (who was known for her "shrill" singing of opera), and, in the post-war comics, on Maria Callas, [43]
Other recurring characters include Nestor the butler, Chang (or Chang-Chong -Chen in full) the loyal Chinese boy, Rastapopoulos the criminal mastermind, Jolyon Wagg the infuriating (to Haddock) insurance salesman, General Alcazar the South American freedom fighter and President of San Theodoros, Mohammed Ben Kalish Ezab the Arab emir, and Abdullah his mischievous son, Dr, Müller the evil German psychiatrist, Oliveira da Figueira the friendly Portuguese salesman, Cutts the butcher whose phone number is repeatedly confused with Haddock's, and Allan the henchman of Rastapopoulos and formerly Haddock's first mate,
SettingsMain article: Settings in The Adventures of TintinThe settings within Tintin have also added depth to the strips, Hergé mixes real and fictional lands into his stories, In King Ottokar's Sceptre (revisited once more in The Calculus Affair) Hergé creates two fictional countries, Syldavia and Borduria, and invites the reader to tour them in text through the insertion of a travel brochure into the storyline, [44] Other fictional lands include Khemed on the Arabian Peninsula and San Theodoros, São Rico, and Nuevo Rico in South America, as well as the kingdom of Gaipajama in India, [45] Apart from these fictitious locations, Tintin also visits real places such as Switzerland, the United Kingdom, the United States, the Soviet Union, Belgian Congo, Peru, India, Egypt, Indonesia, Nepal, Tibet, and China, Other actual locales used were the Sahara Desert, the Atlantic Ocean, and the Moon,
ResearchHergé's extensive research began with The Blue Lotus; Hergé stated, "It was from that time that I undertook research and really interested myself in the people and countries to which I sent Tintin, out of a sense of responsibility to my readers", [46]
Hergé's use of research and photographic reference allowed him to build a realised universe for Tintin, going so far as to create fictionalised countries, dressing them with specific political cultures, These were heavily informed by the cultures evident in Hergé's lifetime, Pierre Skilling has asserted that Hergé saw monarchy as "the legitimate form of government", noting that democratic "values seem underrepresented in [such] a classic Franco-Belgian strip", [47] Syldavia in particular is described in considerable detail, Hergé creating a history, customs, and a language, which is actually a Slavic-looking transcript of Marols, a working-class Brussels dialect, He set the country in the Balkans, and it is, by his own admission, modelled after Albania, [48] The country finds itself threatened by neighbouring Borduria, with an attempted annexation appearing in King Ottokar's Sceptre, This situation parallels the Italian conquest of Albania, and that of Czechoslovakia and Austria by expansionist Nazi Germany prior to World War II, [49]
Hergé's use of research would include months of preparation for Tintin's voyage to the moon in the two-part storyline spread across Destination Moon and Explorers on the Moon, His research for the storyline was noted in New Scientist: "The considerable research undertaken by Hergé enabled him to come very close to the type of space suit that would be used in future Moon exploration, although his portrayal of the type of rocket that was actually used was a long way off the mark", The moon rocket is based on the German V-2 rockets, [50]
InfluencesIn his youth, Hergé admired Benjamin Rabier and suggested that a number of images within Tintin in the Land of the Soviets reflected this influence, particularly the pictures of animals, René Vincent, the Art Deco designer, also affected early Tintin adventures: "His influence can be detected at the beginning of the Soviets, where my drawings are designed along a decorative line, like an 'S', "[51] Hergé also felt no compunction in admitting that he had stolen the image of round noses from George McManus, feeling they were "so much fun that I used them, without scruples!"[52]
During the extensive research Hergé carried out for The Blue Lotus, he became influenced by Chinese and Japanese illustrative styles and woodcuts, This is especially noticeable in the seascapes, which are reminiscent of works by Hokusai and Hiroshige, [53]
Hergé also declared Mark Twain an influence, although this admiration may have led him astray when depicting Incas as having no knowledge of an upcoming solar eclipse in Prisoners of the Sun, an error T, F, Mills attributed to an attempt to portray "Incas in awe of a latter-day 'Connecticut Yankee'", [54]
Translation into EnglishBritishTintin first appeared in English in the weekly British children's comic Eagle in 1951 with the story King Ottokar's Sceptre, [a][55] It was translated in conjunction with Casterman, Tintin's publishers, and st*rts by describing Tintin as "a French boy", Snowy was called by his French name "Milou", [56]
The process of translating Tintin into British English was then commissioned in 1958 by Methuen, Hergé's British publishers, It was a joint operation, headed by Leslie Lonsdale-Cooper and Michael Turner, [57] working closely with Hergé to attain an accurate translation as true as possible to the original work, [58] Due in part to the large amount of language-specific word play (such as punning) in the series, especially the jokes which played on Professor Calculus' partial deafness, it was never the intention to translate literally, instead striving to sculpt a work whose idioms and jokes would be meritorious in their own right, Despite the free hand Hergé afforded the two, they worked closely with the original text, asking for regular assistance to understand Hergé's intentions, [58]
The British translations were also Anglicised to appeal to British customs and values, Milou, for example, was renamed Snowy at the translators' discretion, Captain Haddock's Le château de Moulinsart was renamed Marlinspike Hall, [59]
When it came time to translate The Black Island, which is set in Great Britain, the opportunity was taken to redraw the entire book, Methuen had decided that the book did not portray Great Britain accurately enough, and had compiled a list of 131 errors of detail which should be put right, such as ensuring that the British police were unarmed and ensuring scenes of the British countryside were more accurate for discerning British readers, [58] The resulting album is the dramatically updated and redrawn 1966 version that is the most commonly available today, [60] As of the early 21st century, Egmont publishes Tintin books in the United Kingdom and elsewhere, [61]
AmericanThe Tintin books have had relatively limited popularity in the United States, [62]
The works were first adapted for the American English market by Golden Books, a branch of the Western Publishing Company in the 1950s, The albums were translated from French into American English with some artwork panels blanked except for the speech balloons, This was done to remove content considered to be inappropriate for children, such as drunkenness and free mixing of races, [63] The albums were not popular and only six were published in mixed order, [64] The edited albums later had their blanked areas redrawn by Hergé to be more acceptable, and they currently appear this way in published editions around the world, [64]
From 1966 to 1979, Children's Digest included monthly instalments of The Adventures of Tintin, These serialisations served to increase Tintin's popularity, introducing him to many thousands of new readers in the United States, [b][64]
Atlantic Monthly Press, in cooperation with Little, Brown and Company beginning in the 1970s, republished the albums based on the British translations, Alterations were made to vocabulary not well known to an American audience (such as gaol, tyre, saloon, and spanner), As of the early 21st century, Little, Brown and Company (owned by the Hachette Book Group USA) continues to publish Tintin books in the United States, [65]
DigitalMoulinsart's official Tintin app in Apple's App Store, launched with the release of the digital version of Tintin in the Congo on 5 June 2015, features brand new English language translations by journalist, writer and Tintin expert Michael Farr, [66]
Lettering and typographyThe English-language Adventures of Tintin books were originally published with handwritten lettering created by cartographer Neil Hyslop, [67] 1958's The Crab with the Golden Claws was the first to be published with Hyslop's lettering, Hyslop was given versions of Hergé's artwork with blank panels, [67] Hyslop would write his English script on a clear cellophane-like material, aiming to fit within the original speech bubble, [67] Occasionally the size of the bubbles would need to be adjusted if the translated text would not fit, [67] In the early 2000s, Tintin's English publishers Egmont discontinued publishing books featuring Hyslop's handwritten lettering, instead publishing books with text created with digital fonts, This change was instigated by publisher Casterman and Hergé's estate managers Moulinsart, who decided to replace localised hand-lettering with a single computerised font for all Tintin titles worldwide, [68]
ReceptionAwardsOn 1 June 2006, the Dalai Lama bestowed the International Campaign for Tibet's Light of Truth Award upon the Hergé Foundation, along with South African Archbishop Desmond Tutu, [69] The award was in recognition of Hergé's book Tintin in Tibet, Hergé's most personal adventure, [70] which the Executive Director of ICT Europe Tsering Jampa noted was "for many , , , their introduction to the awe-inspiring landscape and culture of Tibet", [71] In 2001, the Hergé Foundation demanded the recall of the Chinese translation of the work, which had been released with the title Tintin in Chinese Tibet, The work was subsequently published with the correct translation of the title, [72] Accepting on behalf of the Hergé Foundation, Hergé's widow Fanny Rodwell stated, "We never thought that this story of friendship would have a resonance more than 40 years later", [69]
Literary criticismMain article: List of books about TintinThe study of Tintin, sometimes referred to as "Tintinology", has become the life work of some literary critics in Belgium, France and England, [73] Belgian author Philippe Goddin has written Hergé et Tintin reporters: Du Petit Vingtième au Journal Tintin (1986, later republished in English as Hergé and Tintin Reporters: From "Le Petit Vingtième" to "Tintin" Magazine in 1987) and Hergé et les Bigotudos (1993) amongst other books on the series, In 1983, French author Benoît Peeters released Le Monde d'Hergé, subsequently published in English as Tintin and the World of Hergé in 1988, [74] English reporter Michael Farr has written works such as Tintin, 60 Years of Adventure (1989), Tintin: The Complete Companion (2001), [75] Tintin & Co, (2007)[76] and The Adventures of Hergé (2007), [77] while English television producer Harry Thompson authored Tintin: Hergé and his Creation (1991), [78]
Literary critics, primarily in French-speaking Europe, have also examined The Adventures of Tintin, In 1984, Jean-Marie Apostolidès published his study of the Adventures of Tintin from a more "adult" perspective as Les Métamorphoses de Tintin, published in English as The Metamorphoses of Tintin, or Tintin for Adults in 2010, [79] In reviewing Apostolidès' book, Nathan Perl-Rosenthal of The New Republic thought that it was "not for the faint of heart: it is densely-packed with close textual analysis and laden with psychological jargon, "[80] Following Apostolidès's work, French psychoanalyst Serge Tisseron examined the series in his books Tintin et les Secrets de Famille ("Tintin and the Family Secrets"), which was published in 1990, [81] and Tintin et le Secret d'Hergé ("Tintin and Hergé's Secret"), published in 1993, [82]
The first English-language work of literary criticism devoted to the series was Tintin and the Secret of Literature, written by the novelist Tom McCarthy and published in 2006, McCarthy compares Hergé's work with that of Aeschylus, Honoré de Balzac, Joseph Conrad, and Henry James and argues that the series contains the key to understanding literature itself, [83] McCarthy considered the Adventures of Tintin to be "stupendously rich", [84] containing "a mastery of plot and symbol, theme and sub-text"[85] which, influenced by Tisseron's psychoanalytical readings of the work, he believed could be deciphered to reveal a series of recurring themes, ranging from bartering[86] to implicit sexual intercourse[87] that Hergé had featured throughout the series, Reviewing the book in The Telegraph, Toby Clements argued that McCarthy's work, and literary criticism of Hergé's comic strips in general, cut "perilously close" to simply feeding "the appetite of those willing to cross the line between enthusiast and obsessive" in the Tintinological community, [88]
Controversy
The early Adventures of Tintin naïvely depicted controversial images, which Hergé later described as "a transgression of my youth, " In 1975, he substituted this sequence with one in which the rhino accidentally discharges Tintin's rifle, [89]
The character of Mr, Bohlwinkel has been criticised as a Jewish stereotype, The earliest stories in The Adventures of Tintin have been criticised[90] for displaying racial stereotypes, animal cruelty, colonialism, violence, and even fascist leanings, including ethnocentric, caricatured portrayals of non-Europeans, [91] While the Hergé Foundation has presented such criticism as naïveté and scholars of Hergé such as Harry Thompson have said that "Hergé did what he was told by the Abbé Wallez", [92] Hergé himself felt that his background made it impossible to avoid prejudice, stating, "I was fed the prejudices of the bourgeois society that surrounded me, "[52]
In Tintin in the Land of the Soviets, the Bolsheviks were presented as villains, Hergé drew on Moscow Unveiled, a work given to him by Wallez and authored by Joseph Douillet, the former Belgian consul in Russia, that is highly critical of the Soviet regime, although Hergé contextualised this by noting that in Belgium, at the time a devout Catholic nation, "Anything Bolshevik was atheist", [52] In the story, Bolshevik leaders are motivated by personal greed and a desire to deceive the world, Tintin discovers, buried, "the hideout where Lenin, Trotsky, and Stalin have collected together wealth stolen from the people", By 1999, even while Tintin's politics was the subject of a debate in the French parliament, [93] part of this presentation was noted as far more reasonable, with British weekly newspaper The Economist declaring, "In retrospect, however, the land of hunger and tyranny painted by Hergé was uncannily accurate", [94]
Tintin in the Congo has been criticised as presenting the Africans as naïve and primitive, [95] In the original work, Tintin is shown at a blackboard addressing a class of African children, "My dear friends, " he says, "I am going to talk to you today about your fatherland: Belgium, "[c] Hergé redrew this in 1946 to show a lesson in mathematics, [96] Hergé later admitted the flaws in the original story, excusing it saying, "I portrayed these Africans according to , , , this purely paternalistic spirit of the time, "[52] Sue Buswell, who was the editor of Tintin at Methuen, summarised the perceived problems with the book in 1988[97] as "all to do with rubbery lips and heaps of dead animals", [d] although Thompson noted her quote may have been "taken out of context", [98]
Drawing on André Maurois' Les Silences du colonel Bramble, Hergé presents Tintin as a big-game hunter, accidentally killing fifteen antelope as opposed to the one needed for the evening meal, However, concerns over the number of dead animals led Tintin's Scandinavian publishers to request changes, A page of Tintin killing a rhinoceros by drilling a hole in its back and inserting a stick of dynamite was deemed excessive; Hergé replaced the page with one in which the rhino accidentally discharges Tintin's rifle while he sleeps under a tree, [89] In 2007, the UK's Commission for Racial Equality called for the book to be pulled from shelves after a complaint, stating, "It beggars belief that in this day and age that any shop would think it acceptable to sell and display Tintin in the Congo, "[99] In August 2007, a Congolese student filed a complaint in Brussels that the book was an insult to the Congolese people, Public prosecutors investigated, and a criminal case was initiated, although the matter was transferred to a civil court, [100] Belgium's Centre for Equal Opportunities warned against "over-reaction and hyper political correctness", [101]
Hergé altered some of the early albums in subsequent editions, usually at the demand of publishers, For example, at the instigation of his American publishers, many of the African characters in Tintin in America were re-coloured to make their race Caucasian or ambiguous, [102] The Shooting st*r originally had an American villain with the Jewish surname of "Blumenstein", [103] This proved controversial, as the character exhibited exaggerated, stereotypically Jewish characteristics, "Blumenstein" was changed to an American with a less ethnically specific name, Mr, Bohlwinkel, in later editions and subsequently to a South American of a fictional country—São Rico, Hergé later discovered that 'Bohlwinkel' was also a Jewish name, [49] In recent years, even Tintin's politics of peace have been investigated, [104]
Adaptations and memorabiliaMain article: Tintin books, films, and mediaThe Adventures of Tintin has been adapted in a variety of media besides the original comic strip and its collections, Hergé encouraged adaptations and members of his studio working on the animated films, After Hergé's death in 1983, the Hergé Foundation and Moulinsart, the foundation's commercial and copyright wing, became responsible for authorising adaptations and exhibitions, [105]
Television and radioTwo animated television adaptations and one radio adaptation have been made,
Hergé's Adventures of Tintin (Les aventures de Tintin d'après Hergé) (1957) was the first production of Belvision Studios, [106] Ten of Hergé's books were adapted, each serialised into a set of five-minute episodes, with 103 episodes produced, [e] The series was directed by Ray Goossens and written by Belgian comic artist Greg, later editor-in-chief of Tintin magazine, and produced by Raymond Leblanc, [f] Most stories in the series varied widely from the original books, often changing whole plots, [106]
The Adventures of Tintin (Les aventures de Tintin) (1991–92) was the more successful Tintin television series, An adaptation of twenty-one Tintin books, [g][107] it was directed by Stéphane Bernasconi and was produced by Ellipse (France) and Nelvana (Canada) on behalf of the Hergé Foundation, The series adhered closely to the albums to such an extent that panels from the original were often transposed directly to the screen, [107] The series aired in over fifty countries and was released on DVD, It aired in the US on HBO, [108]
The Adventures of Tintin (1992–93) radio series was produced by BBC Radio 4, The dramas st*rred Richard Pearce as Tintin and Andrew Sachs as Snowy, Captain Haddock was played by Leo McKern in Series One and Lionel Jeffries in Series Two, Professor Calculus was played by Stephen Moore and Thomson and Thompson were played by Charles Kay, [109]
The Adventures of Tintin were also released as radio dramas on LP and compact cassette recordings in French language versions in Belgium, France and Canada, German language versions in Germany, Swedish language versions in Sweden, Danish language versions in Denmark and Norwegian language versions in Norway, [110]
CinemaFive feature-length Tintin films were made before Hergé's death in 1983 and one more in 2011,
The Crab with the Golden Claws (Le crabe aux pinces d'or) (1947) was the first successful attempt to adapt one of the comics into a feature film, Written and directed by Claude Misonne and João B Michiels, the film was a stop-motion puppet production created by a small Belgian studio, [111]
Tintin and the Golden Fleece (Tintin et le mystère de la Toison d'Or) (1961), the first live action Tintin film, was adapted not from one of Hergé's Adventures of Tintin but instead from an original script written by André Barret and Rémo Forlani, [112] Directed by Jean-Jacques Vierne and st*rring Jean-Pierre Talbot as Tintin and Georges Wilson as Haddock, the plot involves Tintin travelling to Istanbul to collect the Golden Fleece, a ship left to Haddock in the will of his friend, Themistocle Paparanic, Whilst in the city however, Tintin and Haddock discover that a group of villains also want possession of the ship, believing that it would lead them to a hidden treasure, [112]
Tintin and the Blue Oranges (Tintin et les oranges bleues) (1964), the second live action Tintin film, was released due to the success of the first, Again based upon an original script, once more by André Barret, it was directed by Philippe Condroyer and st*rred Talbot as Tintin and Jean Bouise as Haddock, [113] The plot reveals a new invention, the blue orange, that can grow in the desert and solve world famines, devised by Calculus' friend, the Spanish Professor Zalamea, An emir whose interests are threatened by the invention of the blue orange proceeds to kidnap both Zalamea and Calculus, and Tintin and Haddock travel to Spain in order to rescue them, [113]
Tintin and the Temple of the Sun (Tintin et le temple du soleil) (1969), the first traditional animation Tintin film, was adapted from two of Hergé's Adventures of Tintin: The Seven Crystal Balls and Prisoners of the Sun, The first full-length, animated film from Raymond Leblanc's Belvision, which had recently completed its television series based upon the Tintin stories; it was directed by Eddie Lateste and featured a musical score by the critically acclaimed composer François Rauber, The adaptation is mostly faithful, although the Seven Crystal Balls portion of the story was heavily condensed, [113]
Tintin and the Lake of Sharks (Tintin et le lac aux requins) (1972), the second traditional animation Tintin film and the last Tintin release for nearly 40 years, it was based on an original script by Greg and directed by Raymond Leblanc, [114] Belvision's second feature takes Tintin to Syldavia to outwit his old foe Rastapopoulos, While the look of the film is richer, the story is less convincing, [115] The movie was subsequently adapted into a comic album made up of stills from the film, [116]
The Adventures of Tintin: The Secret of the Unicorn (2011) was Steven Spielberg's motion capture 3D film based on three Hergé albums: The Crab with the Golden Claws (1941), The Secret of the Unicorn (1943), and Red Rackham's Treasure (1944), [117] Peter Jackson's company Weta Digital provided the animation and special effects, The movie received positive reviews and was a box office success,
DocumentariesI, Tintin (Moi, Tintin) (1976) was produced by Belvision Studios and Pierre Film, [118]
Tintin and I (Tintin et moi) (2003), a documentary film directed by Anders Høgsbro Østergaard and co-produced by companies from Denmark, Belgium, France, and Switzerland, was based on a taped interview with Hergé by Numa Sadoul from 1971, Although the interview was published as a book, Hergé was allowed to edit the work prior to publishing and much of the interview was excised, [119] Years after Hergé's death, the filmmaker returned to the original tapes and restored Hergé's often personal, insightful thoughts—and in the process brought viewers closer to the world of Tintin and Hergé, [118] It was broadcast in the United States on the PBS network on 11 July 2006, [120]
Sur les traces de Tintin (On the trail of Tintin) (2010) was a five-part documentary television series which recaps several albums of the book series by combining comic panels (motionless or otherwise) with live-action imagery, with commentary provided,
Tintin and the Black Island at the Arts Theatre in the West End of London, by the Unicorn Theatre Company, in 1980–81[121]TheatreHergé himself helped to create two stage plays, collaborating with humourist Jacques Van Melkebeke, Tintin in the Indies: The Mystery of the Blue Diamond (1941) covers much of the second half of Cigars of the Pharaoh as Tintin attempts to rescue a stolen blue diamond, Mr, Boullock's Disappearance (1941–1942) has Tintin, Snowy, and Thomson and Thompson travel around the world and back to Brussels again to unmask an impostor trying to lay claim to a missing millionaire's fortune, The plays were performed at the Théâtre Royal des Galeries in Brussels, The scripts of the plays are unfortunately lost, [122]
In the late 1970s and early 1980s, two Tintin plays were produced at the Arts Theatre in the West End of London, adapted by Geoffrey Case for the Unicorn Theatre Company, These were Tintin's Great American Adventure, based on the comic Tintin in America (1976–1977) and Tintin and the Black Island, based on The Black Island (1980–81); this second play later toured, [h][121]
A musical based on The Seven Crystal Balls and Prisoners of the Sun premièred on 15 September 2001 at the Stadsschouwburg (City Theatre) in Antwerp, Belgium, It was entitled Kuifje – De Zonnetempel (De Musical) ("Tintin – Temple of the Sun (The Musical)") and was broadcast on Canal Plus, before moving on to Charleroi in 2002 as Tintin – Le Temple du Soleil – Le Spectacle Musical, [123]
The Young Vic theatre company in London ran Hergé's Adventures of Tintin, a musical version of Tintin in Tibet, at the Barbican Arts Centre (2005–2006); the production was directed by Rufus Norris and was adapted by Norris and David Greig, [124] The show was successfully revived at the Playhouse Theatre in the West End of London before touring (2006–2007)[125] to celebrate the centenary of Hergé's birth in 2007, [1]
Video gamesTintin began appearing in video games when Infogrames Entertainment, SA, a French game company, released the side scroller Tintin on the Moon in 1989, [126] The same company released a platformer video game titled Tintin in Tibet in 1995 for the Super NES and Mega Drive/Genesis, [127] Another platformer from Infogrames titled Prisoners of the Sun was released the following year for the Super NES, PC, and Game Boy Color, [128] As computer graphics technology improved, video game experiences improved, In 2001, Tintin became 3D in a game called Tintin: Destination Adventure, released by Infogrames for the PC and PlayStation, [129] Then in 2011, an action-adventure video game called The Adventures of Tintin: The Secret of the Unicorn, a tie-in to the 2011 movie, was released by Ubisoft in October 2011, [130]
The Tintin Shop in Covent Garden[131]Memorabilia and merchandiseImages from the series have long been licensed for use on merchandise, the success of Tintin magazine helping to create a market for such items, Tintin's image has been used to sell a wide variety of products, from alarm clocks to underpants, Countless separate items related to the character have been available, with some becoming collectors' items in their own right, [132]
The Hergé Foundation has maintained control of the licenses, through Moulinsart, the commercial wing of the foundation, Speaking in 2002, Peter Horemans, the then director general at Moulinsart, noted this control: "We have to be very protective of the property, We don't take lightly any potential partners and we have to be very selective , , , for him to continue to be as popular as he is, great care needs to be taken of his use, "[133] However, the Foundation has been criticised by scholars as "trivialising the work of Hergé by concentrating on the more lucrative merchandising" in the wake of a move in the late 1990s to charge them for using relevant images to illustrate their papers on the series, [134]
Tintin memorabilia and merchandise has allowed a chain of stores based solely on the character to become viable, The first shop was launched in 1984 in Covent Garden, London, [131] Tintin shops have also opened in both Bruges and Brussels in Belgium, and in Montpellier, France, In 2014, a Tintin shop opened in Taguig, the Philippines, only the second of its kind in Southeast Asia, The first Tintin shop in Southeast Asia opened in Singapore in 2010, [135] The British bookstore chain, Ottakar's, founded in 1987, was named after the character of King Ottokar from the Tintin book King Ottokar's Sceptre, and their shops stocked a large amount of Tintin merchandise until their takeover by Waterstone's in 2006, [136]
Stamps and coinsMain articles: Tintin postage stamps and Tintin coins
Belgian Post's series of postage stamps "Tintin on screen" issued 30 August 2011 featuring a chronological review of Tintin film adaptations made through years, [137]Tintin's image has been used on postage stamps on numerous occasions, The first Tintin postage stamp was an eight-franc stamp issued by Belgian Post for the 50th anniversary of the publication of Tintin's first adventure on 29 September 1979, featuring Tintin and Snowy looking through a magnifying glass at several stamps, [138] In 1999, a nine-stamp block celebrating ten years of the Belgian Comic Strip Center was issued, with the center stamp a photo of Tintin's famous moon rocket that dominates the Comic Strip Center's entry hall, [137] To mark the end of the Belgian Franc and to celebrate the seventieth anniversary of the publication of Tintin in the Congo, two more stamps were issued by Belgian Post on 31 December 2001: Tintin in a pith helmet and a souvenir sheet with a single stamp in the center, The stamps were jointly issued in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, [137] In 2004, Belgian Post celebrated its own seventy-fifth anniversary, as well as the fiftieth anniversary of the publication of Explorers on the Moon, and the thirty-fifth anniversary of the moon landings with a souvenir sheet of five stamps based upon the Explorers on the Moon adventure, [139] To celebrate the centenary of Hergé's birth in 2007, [1] Belgian Post issued a sheet of 25 stamps depicting the album covers of all 24 Adventures of Tintin (in 24 languages) plus Hergé's portrait in the center, [137] A souvenir sheet of ten stamps called "Tintin on screen", issued 30 August 2011, depicts the Tintin film and television adaptations, [i][137]
Tintin has also been commemorated by coin several times, In 1995, the Monnaie de Paris (Paris Mint) issued a set of twelve gold medallions, available in a limited edition of 5000, [140] A silver medallion was minted in 2004 to commemorate the 50th anniversary of the Tintin book Explorers on the Moon, again in a limited run, this time of 10, 000, It quickly sold out, [141] In 2004, Belgium minted a limited edition commemorative euro coin featuring Tintin and Snowy celebrating the 75th anniversary of Tintin's first adventure in January 2004, [142] Although it has a face value of €10, it is, as with other commemorative euro coins, legal tender only in the country in which it was issued—in this case, Belgium, [142] In 2006–2012 France issued the Comic Strip Heroes commemorative coin series featuring famous Franco-Belgian comics, beginning in 2006 with Tintin, [143] It was a set of six different euro coins honouring Hergé: three 1½-euro silver coins featuring Tintin and the Professor, Tintin and Captain Haddock, and Tintin and Chang; a €10 (gold) featuring Tintin; and a €20 (silver) and a €50 (gold) featuring Tintin and Snowy, [143] In 2007, on Hergé's centenary, Belgium issued its €20 (silver) Hergé/Tintin coin, [144]
Parody and pasticheMain article: List of Tintin parodies and pastiches
A frame from Breaking Free, a revolutionary socialist comic that parodies the Adventures of Tintin[145]During Hergé's lifetime, parodies were produced of the Adventures of Tintin, with one of the earliest appearing in Belgian newspaper La Patrie after the liberation of the country from Nazi German occupation in September 1944, Entitled Tintin au pays de nazis ("Tintin in the Land of the Nazis"), the short and crudely drawn strip lampoons Hergé for working for a Nazi-run newspaper during the occupation, [146]
Following Hergé's death, hundreds more unofficial parodies and pastiches of the Adventures of Tintin were produced, covering a wide variety of different genres, [145] Tom McCarthy divided such works into three specific groupings: pornographic, political, and artistic, [147] In a number of cases, the actual name "Tintin" is replaced by something similar, like Nitnit, Timtim, or Quinquin, within these books, [145]
McCarthy's first group, pornographic parodies, includes 1976's Tintin en Suisse ("Tintin in Switzerland") and Jan Bucquoy's 1992 work La Vie Sexuelle de Tintin ("Tintin's Sex Life"), featuring Tintin and the other characters engaged in sexual acts, [148] Another such example was Tintin in Thailand, in which Tintin, Haddock, and Calculus travel to the East Asian country for a sex holiday, The book began circulating in December 1999, but in 2001, Belgian police arrested those responsible and confiscated 650 copies for copyright violation, [149]
Other parodies have been produced for political reasons: for instance, Tintin in Iraq lampoons the world politics of the early 21st century, with Hergé's character General Alcazar representing President of the United States George W, Bush, [145] Written by the pseudonymous Jack Daniels, Breaking Free (1989) is a revolutionary socialist comic set in Britain during the 1980s, with Tintin and his uncle (modelled after Captain Haddock) being working class Englishmen who turn to socialism in order to oppose the capitalist policies of the Conservative Party government of Margaret Thatcher, When first published in Britain, it caused an outrage in the mainstream press, with one paper issuing the headline that "Commie nutters turn Tintin into picket yob!"[145]
Other comic creators have chosen to create artistic stories that are more like fan fiction than parody, The Swiss artist Exem created the irreverent comic adventures of Zinzin, what The Guardian calls "the most beautifully produced of the pastiches, "[145] Similarly, Canadian cartoonist Yves Rodier has produced a number of Tintin works, none of which have been authorised by the Hergé Foundation, including a 1986 "completion" of the unfinished Tintin and Alph-art, which he drew in Hergé's ligne claire style, [145]
The response to these parodies has been mixed in the Tintinological community, Many despise them, seeing them as an affront to Hergé's work, [145] Nick Rodwell of the Hergé Foundation took this view, declaring that "None of these copyists count as true fans of Hergé, If they were, they would respect his wishes that no one but him draw Tintin's adventures, "[145] Where possible, the foundation has taken legal action against those known to be producing such items, Others have taken a different attitude, considering such parodies and pastiches to be tributes to Hergé, and collecting them has become a "niche specialty", [145]
Hergé art exhibition at the Centre Georges Pompidou modern art museum in Paris, commemorating the centenary of Hergé's birth in 2007[150]ExhibitionsAfter Hergé's death in 1983, his art began to be honoured at exhibitions around the world, keeping Tintin awareness at a high level, The first major Tintin exhibition in London was Tintin: 60 years of Adventure, held in 1989 at the Town Hall in Chelsea, This early exhibition displayed many of Hergé's original sketches and inks, as well as some original gouaches, [151] In 2001, an exhibition entitled Mille Sabords! ("Billions of Blistering Barnacles!") was shown at the National Navy Museum (Musée national de la Marine) in Paris, [152] In 2002, the Bunkamura Museum of Art in Tokyo staged an exhibition of original Hergé drawings as well as of the submarine and rocket ship invented in the strips by Professor Calculus, [153] The National Maritime Museum in Greenwich, London, hosted the exhibition The Adventures of Tintin at Sea in 2004, focusing on Tintin's sea exploits, and in commemoration of the 75th anniversary of the publication of Tintin's first adventure, [154] 2004 also saw an exhibition in Halles Saint Géry in Brussels titled Tintin et la ville ("Tintin and the City") showcasing all cities in the world Tintin had travelled, [155]
The Belgian Comic Strip Center in the Brussels business district added exhibits dedicated to Hergé in 2004, [156] The Brussels' Comic Book Route in the center of Brussels added its first Tintin mural in July 2005, [157]
The centenary of Hergé's birth in 2007[1] was commemorated at the largest museum for modern art in Europe, the Centre Georges Pompidou in Paris, with Hergé, an art exhibition honouring his work, The exhibition, which ran from 20 December 2006 until 19 February 2007, featured some 300 of Hergé's boards and original drawings, including all 124 original plates of The Blue Lotus, [150] Laurent le Bon, organiser of the exhibit said, "It was important for the Centre to show the work of Hergé next to that of Matisse or Picasso, "[158] Michael Farr said, "Hergé has long been seen as a father figure in the comics world, If he's now recognised as a modern artist, that's very important, "[159]
2009 saw the opening of the Hergé Museum (Musée Hergé), designed in contemporary style, in the town of Louvain-la-Neuve, south of Brussels, [160] Visitors follow a sequence of eight permanent exhibit rooms covering the entire range of Hergé's work, showcasing the world of Tintin and his other creations, [161] In addition, the new museum has already seen many temporary exhibits, including Into Tibet With Tintin, [162]
Legacy
The Hergé Museum, located in the town of Louvain-la-Neuve, south of Brussels, opened in June 2009, honouring the work of Hergé, [163]Hergé is recognised as one of the leading cartoonists of the twentieth century, [164] Most notably, Hergé's ligne claire style has been influential to creators of other Franco-Belgian comics, Contributors to Tintin magazine have employed ligne claire, and later artists Jacques Tardi, Yves Chaland, Jason Little, Phil Elliott, Martin Handford, Geof Darrow, Eric Heuvel, Garen Ewing, Joost Swarte, and others have produced works using it, [165]
In the wider art world, both Andy Warhol and Roy Lichtenstein have claimed Hergé as one of their most important influences, [166] Lichtenstein made paintings based on fragments from Tintin comics, whilst Warhol used ligne claire and even made a series of paintings with Hergé as the subject, Warhol, who admired Tintin's "great political and satirical dimensions", [166] said, "Hergé has influenced my work in the same way as Walt Disney, For me, Hergé was more than a comic strip artist", [167]
Hergé has been lauded as "creating in art a powerful graphic record of the 20th century's tortured history" through his work on Tintin, [120] whilst Maurice Horn's World Encyclopedia of Comics declares him to have "spear-headed the post-World War II renaissance of European comic art", [168] French philosopher Michel Serres noted that the twenty-three completed Tintin albums constituted a "chef-d'oeuvre" ("masterpiece") to which "the work of no French novelist is comparable in importance or greatness", [169]
In 1966, Charles de Gaulle said, "In the end, you know, my only international rival is Tintin! We are the small ones, who do not let themselves be had by the great ones, "[170][j]
In March 2015, Brussels Airlines painted an Airbus A320-200 with registration OO-SNB in a special Tintin livery, [171]
Tintin has become a symbol of Belgium and so was used in a variety of visual responses to the 2016 Brussels bombings, [172]
List of titlesFollowing are the twenty-four canonical Tintin comic albums, with their English titles, Publication dates are for the original French-language versions,
Tintin comic albumsAlbum Number Title Serialisation Album (B&W) Album (colour) Notes1 Tintin in the Land of the Soviets 1929–1930 1930 2017 Hergé prevented this book's republication until 1973, It became available in a coloured edition in 2017, 2 Tintin in the Congo 1930–1931 1931 1946 Re-published in colour and in a fixed 62-page format, Book 10 was the first to be originally published in colour, 3 Tintin in America 1931–1932 1932 19454 Cigars of the Pharaoh 1932–1934 1934 19555 The Blue Lotus 1934–1935 1936 19466 The Broken Ear 1935–1937 1937 19437 The Black Island 1937–1938 1938 1943, 19668 King Ottokar's Sceptre 1938–1939 1939 19479 The Crab with the Golden Claws 1940–1941 1941 194310 The Shooting st*r 1941–1942 194211 The Secret of the Unicorn 1942–1943 1943 Books 11 to 15 set a middle period for Hergé marked by war and changing collaborators, 12 Red Rackham's Treasure 1943 194413 The Seven Crystal Balls 1943–1946 194814 Prisoners of the Sun 1946–1948 194915 Land of Black Gold 1948–1950 1950, 197116 Destination Moon 1950–1952 1953 Books 16 to 23 (and revised editions of books 4, 7 & 15) are creations of Studios Hergé, 17 Explorers on the Moon 1952–1953 195418 The Calculus Affair 1954–1956 195619 The Red Sea Sharks 1956–1958 195820 Tintin in Tibet 1958–1959 196021 The Castafiore Emerald 1961–1962 196322 Flight 714 to Sydney 1966–1967 196823 Tintin and the Picaros 1975–1976 197624 Tintin and Alph-Art 1986 2004 Hergé's unfinished book, published posthumously, The following are double albums with a continuing story arc:
Cigars of the Pharaoh (no, 4) & The Blue Lotus (no, 5)The Secret of the Unicorn (no, 11) & Red Rackham's Treasure (no, 12)The Seven Crystal Balls (no, 13) & Prisoners of the Sun (no, 14)Destination Moon (no, 16) & Explorers on the Moon (no, 17)Hergé attempted and then abandoned Le Thermozéro (1958), Outside the Tintin series, a 48-page comic album supervised (but not written) by Hergé, Tintin and the Lake of Sharks, was released in 1972; it was based on the film Tintin et le lac aux requins,
See alsoThe Adventures of Jo, Zette and Jocko, another series by HergéList of Tintin home video releasesList of Tintin mediaReferencesNotes Tintin first appeared in Eagle Vol 2:17 (3 August), which ran in weekly parts in the lower half of the centerfold, beneath the cutaway drawings, until Vol 3:4 (2 May 1952), At that time, Children's Digest had a circulation of around 700, 000 copies monthly, "Mes chers amis, je vais vous parler aujourd'hui de votre patrie: La Belgique, " "Dead animals" refers to the fashion for big-game hunting at the time of the work's original publication, Two series were created, Series 1: Two books, twelve episodes, were adapted in black and white as a test of the studio's abilities; these were actually faithful to the original albums, Series 2: Eight books, 91 episodes, were adapted in colour; these were often unfaithful to the original albums, The animation quality of the series was very limited, [106] Belvision had just been launched by Raymond Leblanc, who had created Tintin magazine a decade earlier, The series ran for three seasons, 13 episodes each season; the 21 stories usually presented in two-part segments, Geoffrey Case (adapted), Tony Wredden (directed): Tintin's Great American Adventure, Arts Theatre, London, 18 December 1976 to 20 February 1977, Unicorn Theatre Company, Tintin and the Black Island, Arts Theatre, London, 1980–81, Unicorn Theatre Company, "Tintin on screen" depicts both Tintin television programs and four of the five Tintin film adaptations (Lake of Sharks was omitted), "Au fond, vous savez, mon seul rival international c'est Tintin! Nous sommes les petits qui ne se laissent pas avoir par les grands, " Spoken by Charles de Gaulle, according to his Minister for Cultural Affairs André Malraux, De Gaulle had just banned all NATO aircraft bases from France; "the great ones" referred to USA and USSR, De Gaulle then added, "On ne s'en apperçoit pas, à cause de ma taille, " ("Only nobody notices the likeness because of my size, ")[170]Citations Pollard 2007; Bostock & Brennan 2007; The Age 24 May 2006; Junkers 2007, Farr 2007a, p, 4, Thompson 1991, p, 207–208, Screech 2005, p, 27; Miller 2007, p, 18; Clements 2006; Wagner 2006; Lichfield 2006; Macintyre 2006; Gravett 2008, Thompson 2003; Gravett 2005; Mills 1983, Assouline 2009, p, 19, Thompson 1991, p, 24; Peeters 2012, pp, 20–29, Thompson 1991, pp, 24–25; Peeters 2012, pp, 31–32, Assouline 2009, p, 38, Goddin 2008, p, 44, Farr 2001, p, 12, Farr 2001, p, 12; Thompson 1991, p, 25; Assouline 2009, Thompson 1991, p, 29, Lofficier & Lofficier 2002, p, 19, Assouline 2009, p, 17; 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Apostolidès, Jean-Marie (2010) [2006], The Metamorphoses of Tintin, or Tintin for Adults, Jocelyn Hoy (translator), Stanford: Stanford University Press, ISBN 978-0-8047-6031-7, Assouline, Pierre (2009) [1996], Hergé: The Man Who Created Tintin, Charles Ruas (translator), Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press, ISBN 978-0-19-539759-8, Farr, Michael (2001), Tintin: The Complete Companion, London: John Murray, ISBN 978-0-7195-5522-0, Farr, Michael (2007), Tintin & Co, London: John Murray Publishers Ltd, ISBN 978-1-4052-3264-7, Farr, Michael (2007a), The Adventures of Hergé: Creator of Tintin (Re-release ed, ), San Francisco: Last Gasp (first published in 2007 by John Murray Publishers Ltd, ), ISBN 978-0-86719-679-5, Goddin, Philippe (2008), The Art of Hergé, Inventor of Tintin, Volume 1, 1907–1937, Michael Farr (translator), San Francisco: Last Gasp, ISBN 978-0-86719-706-8, Gravett, Paul (2005), Graphic Novels: Stories to Change Your Life, London: Aurum Press, ISBN 978-1-84513-068-8, Horeau, Yves (2004), The Adventures of Tintin at Sea, Michael Farr (translator), London: Hodder & Stoughton (First published 1999 by John Murray Publishers Ltd, ), ISBN 978-0-7195-6119-1, Horn, Maurice (1983), World Encyclopedia of Comics (2nd Revised ed, ), New York City: Chelsea House, ISBN 978-0-87754-323-7, Lofficier, Jean-Marc; Lofficier, Randy (2002), The Pocket Essential Tintin, Harpenden, Hertfordshire: Pocket Essentials, ISBN 978-1-904048-17-6, McCarthy, Tom (2006), Tintin and the Secret of Literature, London: Granta, ISBN 978-1-86207-831-4, McCloud, Scott (1993), Understanding Comics: The Invisible Art, Princeton, Wisconsin: Kitchen Sink Press, ISBN 978-0-87816-243-7, McLaughlin, Jeff (2007), Comics as Philosophy, Jackson, Mississippi: University Press of Mississippi (First published December 2005), ISBN 978-1-60473-000-5, Miller, Ann (2007), Reading Bande Dessinée: Critical Approaches to French-language Comic Strip, Bristol: Intellect Books, ISBN 978-1-84150-177-2, Peeters, Benoît (1989), Tintin and the World of Hergé, London: Methuen Children's Books, ISBN 978-0-416-14882-4, Peeters, Benoît (2012) [2002], Hergé: Son of Tintin, Tina A, Kover (translator), Baltimore, Maryland: Johns Hopkins University Press, ISBN 978-1-4214-0454-7, Sadoul, Numa (1975), Tintin et moi: entretiens avec Hergé [Tintin and I: Interviews with Hergé] (in French), Tournai: Casterman, ISBN 978-2-08-080052-7, Screech, Matthew (2005), Masters of the Ninth Art: Bandes Dessinées and Franco-Belgian Identity, Liverpool University Press, ISBN 978-0-85323-938-3, Thompson, Harry (1991), Tintin: Hergé and his Creation, London: Hodder and Stoughton, ISBN 978-0-340-52393-3, Tisseron, Serge (1990), Tintin et les Secrets de Famille, Paris: Editions Aubier-Montaigne, ISBN 978-2-7007-2168-3, Tisseron, Serge (1993), Tintin et les Secrets d'Hergé, Paris: Editions Hors collection, ISBN 978-2-258-03753-3, News articles
Adair, Gilbert (10 October 1993), "A quiff history of time", The Sunday Times, London, Armitstead, Claire; Sprenger, Richard (25 October 2011), "Anybody who is constructing a comic strip would be crazy not to learn from Hergé" (video), The Guardian, London, Archived from the original on 24 December 2013, Retrieved 14 June 2013, John Fardell talks about the influence of Hergé's drawing style on his own work, Beckford, Martin (12 July 2007), "Ban 'racist' Tintin book, says CRE", The Telegraph, London, Archived from the original on 31 January 2014, Retrieved 28 April 2013, Billington, Michael (15 December 2005), "Hergé's Adventures of Tintin", The Guardian, London, Archived from the original on 24 December 2013, Retrieved 31 July 2013, Bostock, Sarah; Brennan, Jon (10 January 2007), "Talk of the toon", The Guardian, London, Archived from the original on 20 December 2013, Retrieved 14 June 2013, Bright, Martin (3 January 1999), "This life: That's Tintin on the far right A battle is raging for Tintin's soul, Is he a French hero or a fascist propaganda tool?", The Observer, London, p, 4, Buswell, Sue (27 November 1988), "(Unknown title)", The Mail on Sunday, London, Conrad, Peter (7 March 2004), "He'll never act his age", The Observer, London, Archived from the original on 24 December 2013, Retrieved 22 December 2012, Cendrowicz, Leo (4 May 2010), "Tintin: Heroic Boy Reporter or Sinister Racist?", Time, New York City, Archived from the original on 24 December 2013, Retrieved 11 March 2011, Clements, Tom (9 July 2006), "Tintin and the enigma of academic obsession", The Telegraph, London, Archived from the original on 12 March 2012, Retrieved 17 March 2020, Coxhead, Gabriel (7 May 2007), "Tintin's new adventures", The Guardian, London, Archived from the original on 24 December 2013, Retrieved 11 March 2011, Da, , A, (3 January 2003), "Tintin en pleine forme" [Tintin in Shape], Le Parisien (in French), Paris, Archived from the original on 24 December 2013, Retrieved 25 November 2009, Eschner, Kat (22 May 2017), "When the Nazis took Belgium, Tintin's Creator Drew Pro-Regime Propaganda", Smithsonian, Retrieved 15 January 2018, Junkers, Dorothee (22 May 2007), "Centennial of Tintin's Hergé noted", Taipei Times, Taipei, Archived from the original on 20 December 2013, Retrieved 22 June 2013, Kenneally, Christopher (29 September 1991), "Comics Characters Beloved by Brussels", The New York Times, New York City, Archived from the original on 8 January 2014, Retrieved 11 March 2011, Kennedy, Maev (19 November 2003), "Museum aims to draw crowds with cartoon boy wonder aged 75", The Guardian, London, Archived from the original on 4 November 2013, Retrieved 22 December 2012, Lichfield, John (27 December 2006), "Tintin's big art adventure", The Independent, London, Archived from the original on 22 January 2014, Retrieved 11 March 2011, Macintyre, Ben (29 December 2006), "Blistering barnacles! Tintin is a Pop Art idol", The Times, London, Retrieved 3 May 2013, McCarthy, Tom (1 July 2006), "Review: From zero to hero", The Guardian, London, Archived from the original on 30 August 2013, Retrieved 22 December 2012, Mulard, Claudine (7 November 2012), "Hollywood, porte d'entrée de Tintin pour séduire l'Amérique" [Hollywood: Tintin's Gateway to Seduce America], Le Monde (in French), Paris, Retrieved 4 May 2013, Spielberg said he found a 'soul mate' in the person of Hergé, Perl-Rosenthal, Nathan (2 February 2010), "In and Out of History", The New Republic, Washington, D, C, Archived from the original on 24 December 2013, Retrieved 11 March 2011, Pignal, Stanley (7 May 2010), "Fans of Tintin cry foul", Financial Times, London, Archived from the original on 24 December 2013, Retrieved 14 June 2013, Pollard, Lawrence (22 May 2007), "Belgium honours Tintin's creator", London: BBC News, Archived from the original on 3 October 2007, Retrieved 22 June 2013, Samuel, Henry (18 October 2011), "Tintin 'racist' court case nears its conclusion after four years", The Telegraph, London, Archived from the original on 31 January 2014, Retrieved 6 June 2013, Soumous, Frederic (1 April 2004), "Tintin et l'exposition de la ville, Bruxelles" [Tintin and the City exhibition, Brussels], Le Soir (in French), Brussels, Archived from the original on 24 December 2013, Retrieved 14 June 2013, Smurthwaite, Nick (13 December 2007), "Hergé's Adventure of Tintin", The Stage, London, Archived from the original on 24 December 2013, Retrieved 14 June 2013, Vrielink, Jogchum (14 May 2012), "Effort to ban Tintin comic book fails in Belgium", The Guardian, London, Archived from the original on 25 April 2014, Retrieved 22 December 2012, Wagner, Erica (9 December 2006), "Tintin at the top", The Times, London, Retrieved 11 March 2011, Walker, Andrew (16 December 2005), "Faces of the week", London: BBC News, Archived from the original on 20 December 2013, Retrieved 18 December 2013, "Belgian to Ban 'Racist' Tintin in the Congo", London: BBC News, 28 April 2010, Archived from the original on 7 January 2014, Retrieved 28 April 2013, "Bid to ban 'racist' Tintin book", London: BBC News, 12 July 2007, Archived from the original on 5 November 2013, Retrieved 22 December 2012, "Book chain moves 'racist' Tintin", London: BBC News, 17 July 2007, Archived from the original on 24 December 2013, Retrieved 22 December 2012, "Le Centre Pompidou décolle avec Tintin" [The Centre Pompidou Takes Off with Tintin], Le Figaro (in French), Paris, 20 December 2006, Archived from the original on 28 December 2013, Retrieved 14 July 2013, "Confused by the cult of Tintin? You're not alone", London: BBC News, 9 January 2009, Archived from the original on 24 December 2013, Retrieved 3 March 2018, "Dalai Lama honours Tintin and Tutu", London: BBC News, 2 June 2006, Archived from the original on 21 October 2013, Retrieved 22 December 2012, "Drawing room: The Belgian Comic Strip Center: Tintin", The Independent, London, 15 October 2011, Archived from the original on 22 January 2014, Retrieved 22 December 2012, "Euro coin honours Tintin and Snowy", London: BBC News, 8 January 2004, Archived from the original on 15 December 2013, Retrieved 22 December 2012, "Great blistering barnacles", The Economist, London, 28 January 1999, Archived from the original on 23 October 2012, Retrieved 11 March 2011, "The Hergé museum: Totally Tintin", The Economist, London, 28 May 2009, Archived from the original on 9 November 2012, Retrieved 14 June 2013, "In pictures: Tintin exhibition", London: BBC News, 29 March 2004, Archived from the original on 6 January 2014, Retrieved 22 June 2013, "Kuifje maakt opmerkelijke entree op West End" [Tintin Makes a Remarkable Entrance on West End], Het Laatste Nieuws (in Dutch), Brussels, 13 December 2007, Archived from the original on 24 December 2013, Retrieved 23 May 2013, "Les tintinophiles fêtent les 100 ans d'Hergé" [Tintinophiles celebrating 100 years of Hergé] (in French), Geneva: Radio Télévision Suisse, 28 June 2010, Archived from the original on 21 January 2014, Retrieved 22 December 2012, "Lewd Tintin shocks Belgium", London: BBC News, 14 February 2001, Archived from the original on 20 December 2013, Retrieved 22 December 2012, "Obituary: Georges Remi, creator of comic figure Tintin", The New York Times, New York City, 5 March 1983, Archived from the original on 8 January 2014, Retrieved 12 September 2006, "Obituary: Michael Turner: Tintin translator and publisher", The Times, London, 4 August 2009, Retrieved 4 May 2013, "Paris:"Mille Sabords!" exhibition at the Marine's Museum", Paris: Sipa Press, 3 January 2001, Archived from the original on 8 November 2014, Retrieved 14 June 2013, "Telegraph obituary: Michael Turner", The Daily Telegraph, London, 14 August 2009, Archived from the original on 31 January 2014, Retrieved 7 October 2010, "Tintin Among The Geriatrics: Kitty Holland celebrates the 70th birthday of Belgium's favourite son, and France's beloved adoptee, Tintin", The Irish Times, Dublin, 9 January 1999, Retrieved 23 December 2013, "Tintin and Snowy Go to the Museum: Pompidou Center Pays Homage to Hergé", Der Spiegel, Hamburg, 20 December 2006, Archived from the original on 24 December 2013, Retrieved 14 June 2013, "Tintin creator's centenary", The Age, Melbourne, 24 May 2006, Archived from the original on 15 March 2014, Retrieved 22 December 2012, "Tintin fait une entrée remarquée sur le Broadway londonien" [Tintin Makes a Grand Entrance on the London Broadway], Le Devoir (in French), Montréal, 14 December 2007, Archived from the original on 7 January 2009, Retrieved 22 December 2012, "Tintin Finds His Way to America's HBO", The Baltimore Sun, Baltimore, Maryland, 16 November 1991, Archived from the original on 24 December 2013, Retrieved 25 August 2010, "Tintin 'frees' Tibet", London: BBC News, 22 May 2002, Archived from the original on 24 December 2013, Retrieved 22 December 2012, "Tintin and I PBS Premiere", Arlington, Virginia: POV/PBS, July 2006, Archived from the original on 14 December 2013, Retrieved 22 December 2012, "Tintin in the Congo not racist, court rules", London: BBC News, 13 February 2012, Archived from the original on 8 June 2012, Retrieved 6 June 2013, "Tintin on trial", London: BBC News, 4 February 1999, Archived from the original on 24 December 2013, Retrieved 22 December 2012, "Tintin praises volunteer efforts" (PDF), Brussels: Dyslexia International, September 2002, Archived (PDF) from the original on 24 December 2013, Retrieved 22 December 2012, "Tintin's 70 years of adventure", London: BBC News, 10 January 1999, Archived from the original on 24 December 2013, Retrieved 22 December 2012, "Tutu and Tintin to be honoured by Dalai Lama", Washington, D, C, : International Campaign for Tibet, 17 May 2006, Archived from the original on 1 September 2006, Retrieved 11 March 2011, Journal Articles
Corn, Howard (December 1989), "Tintin comic", Eagle Times, 2 (4), Farr, Michael (March 2004), "Thundering Typhoons", History Today, 54 (3): 62, Retrieved 17 May 2013, Mills, T, F, (November 1983), "America Discovers Tintin", The Comics Journal, 1 (86): 60–68, Archived from the original on 24 December 2013, Retrieved 17 May 2013, Pain, Stephanie (April 2004), "Welcome to the moon, Mr Armstrong", New Scientist, 182 (2441): 48–49, Retrieved 4 May 2013, Rösch, Felix (October 2014), "'Hooray! Hooray! the End of the World has been Postponed!' Politics of Peace in the Adventures of Tintin?", Politics, 34 (3): 225–236, doi:10, 1111/1467-9256, 12024, Sadoul, Numa; Didier, Michel (February 2003), "The Hergé Interview: Extracts from Entretiens avec Hergé", The Comics Journal, 1 (250): 180–205, Archived from the original on 10 April 2014, Retrieved 17 May 2013, English translation: 2003, copyediting: Kim Thompson, Thompson, Kim (February 2003), "Hergé: His Life and Work", The Comics Journal, 1 (250): 176–179, Archived from the original on 10 April 2014, Retrieved 17 May 2013, Websites
Ahl, David H, (28 August 2011), "Hergé ~ Tintin Philately: Stamps, Souvenir Sheets and Covers", SwapMeetDave [a personal website], Archived from the original on 3 August 2013, Retrieved 22 June 2013, Cadambi, Abra (2006), "Hergé & Tintin—A Guide: Tintin Live!", Hergé & Tintin – A Guide to all things Hergé [a personal website], Archived from the original on 24 December 2013, Retrieved 28 April 2013, Cadambi, Abra (2006), "Hergé & Tintin—A Guide: Tintin On Show!", Hergé & Tintin – A Guide to all things Hergé [a personal website], Archived from the original on 22 December 2011, Retrieved 28 April 2013, Chiha, Sofiane (2 January 2007), "Célébrations sur toute la planète pour le créateur de Tintin" [Celebrations Across the Globe for the Creator of Tintin], L'Humanité (in French), Archived from the original on 24 December 2013, Retrieved 22 December 2012, Christensen, Claus (November 2003), "Boy Scout with Strange Dreams—"Tintin et moi"", Danish Film Institute, Archived from the original (PDF) on 13 May 2006, Retrieved 9 September 2006, Ewing, Garen (1995), "In Defence of Hergé", Tintinologist, org / Vicious magazine, Archived from the original on 24 December 2013, Retrieved 15 September 2006, Gravett, Paul (20 April 2008), "Hergé & The Clear Line: Part 1", PaulGravett, com, Archived from the original on 26 August 2013, Retrieved 22 June 2013, Hodgson, Leda (17 April 2008), "Leda Hodgson", Theatre Maketa, Archived from the original on 26 May 2013, Retrieved 3 October 2008, Tintin and the Black Island adapted by Geoffrey Case from Hergé, Unicorn Theatre Company 1980, de Koning Gans, Wim (28 January 2005), "Comic Strip Murals in Brussels", PBase, com—Wim de Koning Gans [a personal website], Archived from the original on 24 December 2013, Retrieved 14 June 2013, Lorenzi, Anthony (28 August 2011), "Tintin in stamps", TintinMilou, free, fr [a personal website], Archived from the original on 5 June 2012, Retrieved 22 June 2013, Mills, T, F, (1 February 1996), "The Adventures of Tintin: A History of the Anglo-American Editions", Le site d'Hergé, Archived from the original on 10 July 2006, Retrieved 14 September 2006, Moura, Carlos Gustavo (1999), "Hergé et la ligne claire" [Hergé and the Clear Line], Hergé: l'homme et l'oeuvre (in French), Archived from the original on 23 July 2012, Retrieved 22 December 2012, Owens, Chris (25 February 2004), "Tintin: 60 Years Of Adventure", Tintinologist, org, Archived from the original on 15 December 2013, Retrieved 14 June 2013, Owens, Chris (10 July 2004), "Interview with Michael Turner and Leslie Lonsdale-Cooper", Tintinologist, org, Archived from the original on 9 April 2014, Retrieved 15 September 2006, Owens, Chris (1 October 2004), "Tintin crosses the Atlantic: The Golden Press affair", Tintinologist, org, Archived from the original on 9 April 2014, Retrieved 5 January 2007, Perrotte, Patrick; Van Gong, Luc (2006), "Tintin en Suisse" [Tintin in Switzerland], Tintin est Vivant! (in French), Archived from the original on 4 August 2013, Retrieved 11 March 2010, Wainman, Richard (15 January 2006), "Tintin Audio Releases", Tintinologist, org, Archived from the original on 24 December 2013, Retrieved 4 May 2013, Tintin: Le Temple du Soleil, Tabas&Co 5005, 2002, (Charleroi cast)Wainman, Richard (5 January 2007), "Hergé at the Centre Pompidou", Tintinologist, org, Archived from the original on 24 December 2013, Retrieved 14 July 2013, White, Ethan (12 June 2007), "Tintin and the world of stamps", Tintinologist, org, Archived from the original on 9 April 2014, Retrieved 31 May 2013, Yusuf, Bulent (14 November 2005), "Alphabetti Fumetti: H is for Hergé", Ninth Art, Archived from the original on 31 May 2013, Retrieved 22 December 2012, "10 euro Tintin", Coin Database, 2006, Archived from the original on 24 December 2013, Retrieved 22 June 2013, "The Adventures of Tintin at Sea—a major new exhibition at the National Maritime Museum", Royal Museums Greenwich, 13 November 2003, Archived from the original on 24 December 2013, Retrieved 22 December 2012, "The Adventures of Tintin: The Game (2011)", MobyGames, com, 2011, Archived from the original on 24 December 2013, Retrieved 24 February 2013, "Belgium—2007–20 euro—Tintin 100yr Hergé", NumisCollect, June 2007, Archived from the original on 24 December 2013, Retrieved 22 June 2013, "The catalogue for the Hergé Museum has arrived!", Tintin, com, 18 May 2009, Archived from the original on 24 December 2013, Retrieved 22 June 2013, "Comic lovers remember Hergé, creator of Tintin and Snowy", TwoCircles, net (which reprinted the story without attribution), 21 May 2007, Archived from the original on 24 December 2013, Retrieved 22 June 2013, "Comic lovers remember Hergé, creator of Tintin and Snowy", Highbeam Research (which reprinted the story with attribution to Hindustan Times, New Delhi, India), 21 May 2007, Archived from the original on 10 June 2014, Retrieved 22 June 2013, "Comic book route in Brussels", City of Brussels, Archived from the original on 24 December 2013, Retrieved 14 June 2013, "De Gaulle seen by himself", Foundation Charles-de-Gaulle, org, September 1958, Archived from the original on 4 December 2013, Retrieved 14 June 2013, "An Exhibition in Tokyo", Tintin, com, 16 March 2002, Archived from the original on 24 December 2013, Retrieved 14 June 2013, "Explorers on the Moon Coin Set", Tintinesque, com, 8 July 2004, Archived from the original on 26 August 2010, Retrieved 22 June 2013, "The Great Wave", The Tintin Trivia Quiz, 2006, Archived from the original on 6 March 2012, Retrieved 15 September 2006, "Hergé at the Centre Pompidou", CentrePompidou, fr (in French), 20 December 2006, Archived from the original on 13 May 2014, Retrieved 22 June 2013, "Hergè exhibition at the Pompidou Centre, Paris", designboom, 20 December 2006, Archived from the original on 14 November 2013, Retrieved 22 June 2013, "Hergé's Adventures of Tintin at the Barbican Theatre", Barbican, org, uk, 1 December 2005, Archived from the original on 13 December 2013, Retrieved 10 December 2013, "Hergé's Adventures of Tintin [Musical]", SoniaFriedman, com, November 2007, Archived from the original on 25 December 2013, Retrieved 14 July 2013, "Hergé—Hachette Book Group", Hachette Book Group, 2013, Archived from the original on 8 July 2013, Retrieved 14 June 2013, "The Hergé Museum by Christian de Portzamparc", Contemporist, 3 June 2009, Archived from the original on 13 December 2013, Retrieved 14 June 2013, "How to tell a Thompson from a Thomson", The Tintin Trivia Quiz, 2006, Archived from the original on 21 October 2013, Retrieved 9 September 2006, "Mille sabords!" [Billions of Blistering Barnacles!] (in French), Tintin, com, 21 March 2001, Archived from the original on 7 November 2014, Retrieved 14 June 2013, "Musée Hergé Temporary exhibition: Into Tibet with Tintin", Musée Hergé, May 2012, Archived from the original on 12 December 2013, Retrieved 28 April 2013, "Moulinsart", Tintin, com, 2010, Archived from the original on 30 April 2014, Retrieved 14 June 2013, "New 20 euro coin from Belgium", Coin Talk, 13 June 2007, Archived from the original on 25 December 2013, Retrieved 22 June 2013, "The Royal Literary Fund—Geoffrey Case", RLF, org, 2008, Archived from the original on 24 May 2013, Retrieved 28 April 2013, "Rufus Norris to direct World Premiere of Tintin", YoungVic, org, November 2005, Archived from the original on 9 November 2006, Retrieved 9 September 2006, "Search for a coin – Tintin", Numista, 2006, Archived from the original on 24 December 2013, Retrieved 22 June 2013, "The Twelve Adventures of Tintin Gold Medallion Set", Chard (UK coin and bullion), 1995, Archived from the original on 24 December 2013, Retrieved 22 June 2013, "Tintin—Egmont Group", Egmont Group, 2013, Archived from the original on 27 March 2014, Retrieved 14 June 2013, "Tintin", A personal website (Netherlands), 2006, Archived from the original on 7 December 2006, Retrieved 5 January 2007, "Tintin in Tibet (1995)", MobyGames, com, 1995, Archived from the original on 15 April 2014, Retrieved 30 September 2013, "Tintin: Prisoners of the Sun (1996)", MobyGames, com, 1996, Archived from the original on 29 March 2014, Retrieved 24 February 2013, "Tintin: Destination Adventure (2001)", MobyGames, com, 2001, Archived from the original on 4 October 2013, Retrieved 30 September 2013, "Tintin in America: One of a set of 12 gold medals featuring the most famous Belgian", OmniCoin, com, 20 April 2009, Archived from the original on 24 December 2013, Retrieved 22 June 2013, "Tintin on the Moon (1989)", MobyGames, com, 1989, Archived from the original on 24 December 2013, Retrieved 24 February 2013, "Tintin on the Moon", Sinclair Infoseek, 1989, Archived from the original on 24 December 2013, Retrieved 24 February 2013, "Visitez l'Expo 'Tintin au Musee de la Marine' 48 H Avant son Ouverture!" [Visit the Museum Expo 'Tintin in the Navy' 48 H Before Opening!] (in French), BDzoom, com, 19 March 2001, Archived from the original on 24 December 2013, Retrieved 14 June 2013, "Youth philately, Tintin 1v", PostBeeld, com (Netherlands), 2010, Archived from the original on 24 December 2013, Retrieved 22 June 2013, Further readingBooks
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Spoken Wikipedia iconThis audio file was created from a revision of the article "The Adventures of Tintin" dated 2006-02-20, and does not reflect subsequent edits to the article, (Audio help)More spoken articlesGoddin, Philippe (2010), The Art of Hergé, Inventor of Tintin, Volume 2, 1937–1949, Michael Farr (translator), San Francisco: Last Gasp, ISBN 978-0-86719-724-2, Goddin, Philippe (2011), The Art of Hergé, Inventor of Tintin, Volume 3: 1950–1983, Michael Farr (translator), San Francisco: Last Gasp, ISBN 978-0-86719-763-1, Taylor, Raphaël (8 November 2012), Hergé: The Genius of Tintin: A Biography, London: Icon Books, ISBN 978-1-84831-275-3, News Articles
Dowling, Stephen (9 January 2004), "Boy reporter still a global hero", London: BBC News, Archived from the original on 10 November 2013, Retrieved 22 December 2012, Jessel, Stephen (29 November 1998), "Crazy for Tintin", London: BBC News, Archived from the original on 24 December 2013, Retrieved 22 December 2012, Pandey, Geeta (28 September 2005), "Tintin ventures into India's rural markets", London: BBC News, Archived from the original on 24 December 2013, Retrieved 22 December 2012, "Tintin conquers China", London: BBC News, 23 May 2001, Archived from the original on 24 December 2013, Retrieved 22 December 2012, Websites
Østergaard, Anders (2003), "Tintin et Moi (Entire documentary)", Archived from the original on 24 December 2013, Retrieved 9 May 2013 – via Vimeo, Curran, James (17 October 2011), "Unofficial title sequence for The Adventures of Tintin, featuring elements from each of the 24 books", Archived from the original on 10 April 2014, Retrieved 22 June 2013 – via Vimeo, External linksThe Adventures of Tintinat Wikipedia's sister projectsDefinitions from WiktionaryMedia from Wikimedia CommonsQuotations from WikiquoteData from WikidataOfficial website Edit this at WikidataTintinologist, org, the oldest and largest English-language Tintin fan sitevteThe Adventures of Tintin by HergéThe Adventuresof Tintin Tintin in the Land of the Soviets (1930)Tintin in the Congo (1931)Tintin in America (1932)Cigars of the Pharaoh (1934)The Blue Lotus (1936)The Broken Ear (1937)The Black Island (1938)King Ottokar's Sceptre (1939)The Crab with the Golden Claws (1941)The Shooting st*r (1942)The Secret of the Unicorn (1943)Red Rackham's Treasure (1944)The Seven Crystal Balls (1948)Prisoners of the Sun (1949)Land of Black Gold (1950)Destination Moon (1953)Explorers on the Moon (1954)The Calculus Affair (1956)The Red Sea Sharks (1958)Tintin in Tibet (1960)The Castafiore Emerald (1963)Flight 714 to Sydney (1968)Tintin and the Picaros (1976)Tintin and Alph-Art (1986, unfinished)Le Thermozéro (unfinished, unpublished)Characters TintinSnowyCaptain HaddockProfessor CalculusThomson and ThompsonRastapopoulosBianca CastafioreChang Chong-ChenNestorJolyon WaggSettings BorduriaKhemedMarlinspike HallSan TheodorosSyldaviaThe UnicornWadesdahOther settingsFeature films Animated The Crab with the Golden Claws (1947)Tintin and the Temple of the Sun (1969)Tintin and the Lake of Sharks (1972)The Adventures of Tintin (2011)Live-action Tintin and the Golden Fleece (1961)Tintin and the Blue Oranges (1964)Television series Hergé's Adventures of Tintin (1958–62)The Adventures of Tintin (1991–92)Home videoDocumentaries I, Tintin (1976)Tintin and I (2003)Stage The Mystery of the Blue Diamond (1941)Mr, Boullock's Disappearance (1941)Kuifje – De Zonnetempel (De Musical) (2001)Tintin – Le Temple du Soleil – Le Spectacle Musical (2002)Video games Tintin on the Moon (1987)Tintin in Tibet (1996)Prisoners of the Sun (1997)Tintin: Destination Adventure (2001)The Adventures of Tintin: The Secret of the Unicorn (2011)Other mediaand memorabilia Tintin mediaBooks about Tintin Tintin and the World of HergéTintin magazineTintin postage stampsTintin coinsCollaboratorsof Hergé Studios HergéBob de MoorEdgar P, JacobsJacques MartinGregRoger LeloupJosette BaujotJacques Van MelkebekeZhang ChongrenLegacy of Hergé Hergé FoundationIdeology of TintinLigne claireMusée HergéParodies and pastiches Breaking FreeTintin in ThailandPublishers Bonnier GroupCarlsen VerlagCastermanEgmontGolden PressLe LombardMethuen PublishingLe Petit VingtièmeLe SoirTintin (magazine)Little, Brown & Co, Literary critics Michael FarrPhilippe GoddinBenoît PeetersYves RodierNuma SadoulWikipedia book BookCategory CategoryvteComics by HergévteLigne claire comicsFlag of Belgium, svgBelgium portalSpeech balloon, svgComics portalTom Sawyer 1876 frontispiece, jpgChildren's literature portal
Authority control Edit this at Wikidata BNF: cb16534464s (data)GND: 4306653-7MusicBrainz: 5b24926d-2671-468f-aba8-21ab9db9ee5cSUDOC: 156676834VIAF: 183133961WorldCat Identities (via VIAF): 183133961Categories: Tintin1929 comics debutsAction-adventure comicsComics by HergéBelgian comics titlesBelgian comic stripsScouting and Guiding in BelgiumAdventure comicsHumor comicsSatirical comicsPolitical comic strips1975 comics endingsComics set in the 1920sComics set in the 1930sComics set in the 1940sComics set in the 1950sComics set in the 1960sComics set in the 1970sComics set in BelgiumComics set in BrusselsBelgian cultureBelgian comics adapted into filmsComics adapted into animated filmsComics adapted into animated seriesComics adapted into playsComics adapted into television seriesComics adapted into video games----------------ABOUT The Adventures of Tintin (film)From Wikipedia, the free encyclopediaJump to navigationJump to searchThis article is about the 2011 film, For other merchandise based on "The Adventures of Tintin", see List of Tintin media, "The Adventures of Tintin: The Secret of the Unicorn" redirects here, For the video game, see The Adventures of Tintin: The Secret of the Unicorn (video game), The Adventures of TintinThe Adventures of Tintin - Secret of the Unicorn, jpgTheatrical release posterDirected by Steven SpielbergProduced by Steven SpielbergPeter JacksonKathleen KennedyScreenplay by Steven MoffatEdgar WrightJoe CornishStory by Steven SpielbergBased on The Adventures of Tintin and The Secret of the Unicornby Hergést*rring Jamie BellAndy SerkisDaniel CraigNick FrostSimon PeggDaniel MaysMackenzie CrookToby JonesGad ElmalehMusic by John WilliamsEdited by Michael KahnProductioncompanyParamount PicturesColumbia PicturesNickelodeon MoviesAmblin EntertainmentWingNut FilmsThe Kennedy/Marshall CompanyHemisphere Media CapitalDistributed by Paramount Pictures (North America, UK, New Zealand, and Australia)Sony Pictures Releasing (International)[1]Release date23 October 2011 (Brussels)21 December 2011 (United States)26 December 2011 (New Zealand)Running time107 minutes[2]Country United StatesNew ZealandLanguage EnglishBudget $135 million[3]Box office $374 million[4]The Adventures of Tintin (also known as The Adventures of Tintin: The Secret of the Unicorn)[5] is a 2011 3D computer-animated action-adventure film based on Belgian cartoonist Hergé's comic book series of the same name, The film was produced and directed by Steven Spielberg, co-produced by Peter Jackson and Kathleen Kennedy, written by Steven Moffat, Edgar Wright and Joe Cornish, and st*rs Jamie Bell, Andy Serkis, Daniel Craig, Nick Frost and Simon Pegg, who portray their characters through voice acting and motion capture, [6][7][8] Inspired by three volumes of the Tintin series - The Crab with the Golden Claws (1941), The Secret of the Unicorn (1943) and Red Rackham's Treasure (1944) - its plot follows the reporter Tintin (Bell), his dog, Snowy, and their accomplice Captain Haddock (Serkis) as they search for the treasure of the Unicorn, a ship captained by Haddock's ancestor Sir Francis Haddock; they are pursued by Ivan Ivanovitch Sakharine (Craig), the descendant of Sir Haddock's nemesis Red Rackham, [9]
Spielberg and Hergé were admirers of each other's work; the director acquired the film rights to The Adventures of Tintin following the author's death in 1983, and re-optioned them in 2002, Filming was due to begin in October 2008 for a 2010 release, but the release was delayed to 2011 after Universal Pictures opted out of producing the film with Paramount Pictures, who provided $30 million in pre-production; Sony Pictures replaced Universal as co-financer, The delay resulted in Thomas Brodie-Sangster, who had been originally cast as Tintin, departing from the project and being replaced by Bell, The world première took place on 22 October 2011 in Brussels, [10]
The film was released in the United Kingdom and other European countries on 26 October 2011 and in the United States on 21 December 2011 in Digital 3D and IMAX 3D formats, [11] It was a commercial success, grossing over $373 million against a budget of $135 million, [4] making it Paramount's highest-grossing animated feature, and received generally positive reviews from critics, [12] who praised the stylized use of motion capture (particularly the faithful look to Hergé's works), visual effects, action scenes, performances and music, to which they compared one of Spielberg's previous works, Raiders of the Lost Ark, It was the first motion-captured animated film (as well as the first non-Pixar animated film) to win the Golden Globe Award for Best Animated Feature Film, [13] Composer John Williams was nominated for an Oscar for Best Original Score and the film was nominated for six Saturn Awards, including Best Animated Film, Best Director for Spielberg and Best Music for Williams, [14] A sequel directed by Jackson was announced in the wake of the film's release, but has since stalled in development hell,
Contents1 Plot2 Voice cast3 Production3, 1 Development3, 2 Filming and visual effects3, 3 Music4 Differences from the source material5 Release5, 1 Home media6 Reception6, 1 Critical response6, 2 Box office6, 3 Accolades7 Video game8 Possible sequels9 See also10 References11 External linksPlotSee also: The Secret of the Unicorn § SynopsisWhile browsing in an outdoor market with his pet dog Snowy, young journalist Tintin purchases a miniature model of a ship known as the Unicorn, but is accosted by an Interpol officer named Barnaby and a ship collector named Ivan Ivanovitch Sakharine, who both unsuccessfully attempt to acquire the model from Tintin, After Tintin takes the model home to his apartment, it is accidentally broken during a chase between Snowy and a cat; a parchment scroll slips out of the ship and rolls under a piece of Tintin's furniture, Meanwhile, bumbling police detectives Thomson and Thompson are on the trail of pickpocket Aristides Silk,
After visiting Maritime Library to uncover the history surrounding the Unicorn, Tintin returns to find the Unicorn has been stolen, which he suspects Sakharine of doing, He heads to Marlinspike Hall, where he accuses him of the theft, but noticing Sakharine's model is not broken, he realizes there are two Unicorn models, Tintin returns to his apartment, which has been ransacked, and is shown the scroll by Snowy, However, they are interrupted by the arrival of Barnaby, who is then assassinated while attempting to recover the Unicorn,
Tintin places the scroll in his wallet, but is pick-pocketed by Silk the next morning and soon afterwards abducted by accomplices of Sakharine on the SS Karaboudjan, He learns that Sakharine formed an alliance with the ship's staff and led a mutiny to take control, On board, Tintin encounters the ship's captain, Archibald Haddock, who is permanently drunk and has forgotten most of his past, Tintin, Haddock and Snowy outrun the crew and escape from the Karaboudjan in a lifeboat, The ship attempts to ram their boat but instead ram an empty lifeboat Haddock accidentally released during his escape, Noticing that two lifeboats have been released, Sakharine presumes them to have survived and sends a seaplane to find and capture them, Feeling cold and thirsty on the lifeboat ride, Haddock foolishly uses a stowaway bottle of scotch whisky to put out a fire he st*rted in the boat, causing an explosion that leaves the trio stranded on top of the upturned boat, The trio seize the seaplane and use it to fly towards the fictitious Moroccan port of Bagghar, but it crashes in a desert due to low fuel and a thunderstorm,
While trekking through the desert along with Tintin and Snowy, Haddock hallucinates and remembers his ancestor, Sir Francis Haddock, the 17th-century captain of the Unicorn, whose treasure-laden ship was attacked by the crew of a pirate ship led by Red Rackham, who is later revealed to be Sakharine's ancestor, Sir Francis surrendered, but since the pirates killed all of his crew, he chose to sink the Unicorn, along with most of its treasure, to prevent it from falling into Rackham's hands, The story implies there were three Unicorn models, each containing a scroll; together, the scrolls can reveal coordinates of the location of the sunken Unicorn and its treasure,
The third model is in Bagghar, possessed by Omar ben Salaad, Sakharine causes a distraction in a Bianca Castafiore concert, which results in him stealing the third scroll, A chase through the city ensues, during which he gains all the scrolls, Just as he is ready to give up, Tintin is persuaded by Haddock to continue, With help from Thomson and Thompson, Tintin and Haddock track Sakharine back to Brussels and set up a trap, but Sakharine uses his pistol to resist arrest, When his men fail to save him, Sakharine challenges Haddock to a sword fight with the cranes at the dock, After the fight, Sakharine is pushed overboard by Haddock; he is then rescued and arrested by Thomson and Thompson,
Guided by the three scrolls, which indicate the location of Marlinspike Hall, Tintin, Haddock and Snowy travel there, Inside, aided by Haddock, they find some of the treasure and a clue to the Unicorn's location; Tintin and Haddock both agree on setting up an expedition to find Red Rackham's Treasure,
Voice castJamie Bell as Tintin, [15] Bell replaced Thomas Brodie-Sangster, who dropped out when filming was delayed in October 2008, [16] Jackson suggested Bell to take on the role after previously casting him as Jimmy in his King Kong remake, [17]Andy Serkis as Captain Archibald Haddock and Sir Francis Haddock, [18] Spielberg suggested Serkis, given he played Gollum in Jackson's The Lord of the Rings trilogy and King Kong in the 2005 remake, which were both roles requiring motion capture, and also because he considers Serkis a "great and funny actor", [19] Serkis joked he was concerned Jackson wanted him to play Tintin's dog, Snowy, [20] who was animated traditionally, i, e, , without motion capture, [21] Serkis remarked upon reading the comics again for the role that they had a surreal Pythonesque quality, [22] The actor researched seamen, and gave Haddock a Scottish accent as he felt the character had "a rawness, an emotional availability, a more Celtic kind of feel", [19]Daniel Craig as Ivan Ivanovitch Sakharine, the main antagonist and descendant of Red Rackham; and Red Rackham the pirate who attacked the Unicorn, the ship captained by Sir Francis Haddock, [15] Spielberg described Sakharine as a "champagne villain, cruel when he has to be but with a certain elegance to him, " Jackson and Spielberg decided to promote Sakharine from a relatively minor character to the villain, and while considering an "interesting actor" to portray him, Spielberg came up with Craig, with whom he had worked on Munich, Craig joked he followed "the English tradition of playing bad guys", [19]Nick Frost and Simon Pegg as Thomson and Thompson respectively, bumbling police detectives who are almost identical, The duo was invited out of necessity to have a comedy team that could act identical, [19] Spielberg invited Pegg to the set and offered him the role after he had completed How to Lose Friends & Alienate People, [23] Pegg had previously st*rred alongside Serkis in John Landis' Burke & Hare, in 2010, Toby Jones as Aristides Silk, a pickpocket and self-confessed kleptomaniac, [18][24]Daniel Mays as Allan, Captain Haddock's first mate, [citation needed]Mackenzie Crook as Tom, a thug on the Karaboudjan, Gad Elmaleh as Omar ben Salaad, an Arab potentate, [18] Elmaleh stated his accent was "the childhood coming back", [19]Enn Reitel as Nestor, Sakharine's butler; and Mr, Crabtree, a vendor who sells the Unicorn to Tintin, Tony Curran as Lieutenant Delcourt, an ally of Tintin, [25]Joe st*rr as Barnaby Dawes, an Interpol agent who tries to warn Tintin about purchasing the Unicorn and ends up being shot by Sakharine's thugs on Tintin's doorstep, Kim Stengel as Bianca Castafiore, a comical opera singer, While Castafiore was absent from the three stories, Jackson stated she was added for her status as an "iconic character" and because she would be a fun element of the plot, [19] Renée Fleming provides the singing voice for Castafiore, Sonje Fortag as Mrs, Finch, Tintin's landlady, Cary Elwes and Phillip Rhys as French seaplane pilots working for Sakharine, Ron Bottitta as Unicorn Lookout, Mark Ivanir as Afgar Outpost Soldier/Secretary, Sebastian Roché as Pedro/1st Mate, Nathan Meister as a market artist who bears a resemblance to Hergé, Sana Etoile as a Press Reporter, ProductionDevelopmentSpielberg has been an avid fan of The Adventures of Tintin comic book series since 1981, when a review compared Raiders of the Lost Ark to Tintin, [21] Meanwhile, the comics' creator, Hergé—who disliked the previous live-action film versions and the animated series—became a fan of Spielberg, Michael Farr, author of Tintin: The Complete Companion, recalled Hergé "thought Spielberg was the only person who could ever do Tintin justice", [26] Spielberg and his production partner Kathleen Kennedy of Amblin Entertainment were scheduled to meet with Hergé in 1983 while filming Indiana Jones and the Temple of Doom in London, Hergé died that week, but his widow decided to give them the rights, [21] A three-year-long option to film the comics was finalized in 1984, [26] with Universal as distributor, [27]
Spielberg commissioned E, T, the Extra-Terrestrial writer Melissa Mathison to script a film about Tintin battling ivory hunters in Africa, [26] Spielberg saw Tintin as an "Indiana Jones for kids" and wanted Jack Nicholson to play Haddock, [28] Unsatisfied with the script, Spielberg continued production on Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade; the rights returned to the Hergé Foundation, Claude Berri and Roman Polanski became interested in filming the property, while Warner Bros, negotiated for the rights, but they could not guarantee the "creative integrity" that the Foundation found in Spielberg, [26] In 2001, Spielberg revealed his interest in depicting Tintin with computer animation, [29] In November 2002, his studio DreamWorks reestablished the option to film the series, [30] Spielberg originally said he would only produce the film, [31] In 2004, French magazine Capital reported Spielberg was intending a trilogy based on The Secret of the Unicorn / Red Rackham's Treasure, The Seven Crystal Balls / Prisoners of the Sun and The Blue Lotus / Tintin in Tibet (which are separate stories, but both feature Chang Chong-Chen), [32] By then, Spielberg had reverted to his idea of a live-action adaptation and called Peter Jackson to ask if Weta Digital would create a computer-generated Snowy, [9]
We're making them look photorealistic; the fibres of their clothing, the pores of their skin and each individual hair, They look exactly like real people—but real Hergé people!Peter Jackson explains the film's look[33]Jackson, a longtime fan of the comics, [34] had used motion capture in The Lord of the Rings and King Kong; he suggested that a live-action adaptation would not do justice to the comic books and that motion capture was instead the best way of representing Hergé's world of Tintin, [9] A week of filming took place in November 2006 in Playa Vista, Los Angeles, California, on the stage where James Cameron shot Avatar, [35] Andy Serkis had been cast, while Jackson stood in for Tintin, [22] During the shoot, Cameron and Robert Zemeckis (director of The Polar Express, another motion-captured animated film) were present, [9] The footage was transmitted to Weta Digital, [35] who produced a twenty-minute test reel that demonstrated a photorealistic depiction of the characters, [33] Spielberg said he would not mind filming it digitally because he saw it as an animated film, and reiterated his live-action work would always be filmed traditionally, [36] Lead designer Chris Guise visited Brussels to see the inspiration for Hergé's sceneries, [37]
An official announcement about the collaboration was made in May 2007, although both filmmakers had to wait to film it: Spielberg was preparing Indiana Jones and the Kingdom of the Crystal Skull while Jackson was planning The Lovely Bones, [33] Spielberg had considered two books to become the main story, The Crab with the Golden Claws and The Secret of the Unicorn, with the main plot eventually following the latter and its immediate sequel, Red Rackham's Treasure, Jackson felt the former's story "wasn't really robust enough to sustain a feature film", but the filmmakers still included elements from the comic, such as the Karaboujan and the first meeting of Tintin and Haddock, Spielberg invited Edgar Wright to write the script for the film, but Wright was busy and instead recommended other names, including Steven Moffat, [38] In October 2007, Moffat was announced as the screenwriter for two of the Tintin films, [39] Moffat said he was "love bombed" by Spielberg into accepting the offer to write the films, with the director promising to shield him from studio interference with his writing, [40] Moffat finished a draft, but was unable to finish another due to the 2007–2008 Writers Guild of America strike, He then became executive producer of Doctor Who, leading Spielberg and Jackson (both of whom are fans of the show) to allow him to leave and fulfill his duty to the series, [41] Wright then returned and agreed to take over the script while Joe Cornish, a fan of Tintin with whom Wright was working at the time, also worked with him, After two drafts of the script, Wright left in order to begin filming Scott Pilgrim vs the World, , with Cornish staying on to finish the script under the guidance of Spielberg and Jackson, [38]
More filming took place in March 2008, [22] However, in August 2008 (a month before principal photography would have begun), Universal turned down their option to co-produce the film due to the poor box office performances of other recent performance-captured animated films, such as Monster House (2006) and Beowulf (2007), as well as Spielberg and Jackson's request for a combined 30% of the gross, [42] Paramount Pictures (DreamWorks' distributor) had hoped to partner with Universal on the project, having spent $30 million on pre-production, Spielberg gave a ten-minute presentation of footage, hoping they would approve filming to begin in October, Paramount, along with their subsidiary Nickelodeon Movies, offered to produce as long as the directors found a studio that was willing to co-produce the film: Spielberg and Jackson agreed[16][27] and negotiated with Sony's Columbia Pictures to co-finance and distribute the first film internationally by the end of October, [43][44][45] Sony only agreed to finance two films, though Jackson said a third film may still happen, [9]
Filming and visual effectsPrincipal photography began on 26 January 2009; the release date was pushed from 2010 to 2011, [15] Spielberg finished his film—after 32 days of shooting—in March 2009, Jackson was present for the first week of filming and supervised the rest of the shoot via a bespoke videoconferencing program, [34] Simon Pegg said Jackson's voice would "be coming over the Tannoy like God", [46] During filming, various directors, including Guillermo del Toro, Stephen Daldry and David Fincher visited, Spielberg wanted to treat the film like live-action, moving his camera around, [9] He revealed, "Every movie I made, up until Tintin, I always kept one eye closed when I've been framing a shot, " because he wanted to see the movie in 2-D, the way viewers would, "On Tintin, I have both of my eyes open", [47] Jackson took the hands-on approach to directing Weta Digital during post-production, which Spielberg supervised through video conferencing, Jackson will also begin development for the second film, for which he will be officially credited as director, [17] Spielberg says "there will be no cell phones, no TV sets, no modern cars, Just timeless Europe", [48] His frequent collaborator and cinematographer Janusz Kamiński served as lighting consultant for Weta, and Jackson said the film will look "film noirish, very atmospheric", Spielberg finished six weeks of additional motion-capture filming in mid-July 2009, [9][49] Post production was finished on September 2011, [50] From the very beginning to the very end, the film took a total of seven years in production,
To improve the quality of the indoor lighting nuances, Weta Digital and NVIDIA developed a piece of ray tracing software called PantaRay, which requires 100 to 1, 000 times more computation than traditional shadow-map based solutions, [51] For the performance of "Snowy", various models served as a reference for actors on-set, manipulated by property master Brad Elliott, According to animators, Snowy was the hardest character to animate and develop, due to the type of coat he has as well as being white, Later, a dog's motion was captured digitally so the animators had inspiration for realistic movements, His vocal effects were taken from various breeds of dogs, [52]
MusicMusic from the Motion Picture: The Adventures of Tintin : The Secret of the UnicornThe Adventures of Tintin (soundtrack), jpgFilm score by John WilliamsReleased 21 October 2011Genre SoundtrackLength 65:22Label Sony ClassicalJohn Williams chronologyIndiana Jones and the Kingdom of the Crystal Skull(2008) Music from the Motion Picture: The Adventures of Tintin : The Secret of the Unicorn(2011) War Horse(2011)Professional ratingsReview scoresSource RatingAllMusic 3, 5/5 st*rsEmpire 5/5 st*rsFilm Score Reviews 3, 5/5 st*rsFilmtracks 5/5 st*rsLimelight 3, 5/5 st*rsMovie Wave 4/5 st*rsSoundtrack Geek 8, 33/10Static Mass Emporium 4/5 st*rsJohn Williams composed the musical score for The Adventures of Tintin, It was the first time Williams had composed the score of a film since 2008's Indiana Jones and the Kingdom of the Crystal Skull, [53] as well as his first score for an animated film, Most of the score was written while the animation was still in the early stages, with Williams seeking to employ "the old Disney technique of doing music first and have the animators trying to follow what the music is doing", Eventually, several cues had to be revised during the editing of the film, The composer decided to employ various musical styles, with "1920s, 1930s European jazz" for the opening credits and "pirate music" for the battle at sea, [54] The score was released on 21 October 2011 by Sony Classical Records, [55]
Track listingAll music is composed by John Williams,
No, Title Length1, "The Adventures of Tintin" 3:072, "Snowy's Theme" 2:093, "The Secret of the Scrolls" 3:124, "Introducing the Thompsons and Snowy's Chase" 4:085, "Marlinspike Hall" 3:586, "Escape from the Karaboudjan" 3:207, "Sir Francis and the Unicorn" 5:058, "Captain Haddock Takes the Oars" 2:179, "Red Rackham's Curse and the Treasure" 6:1010, "Capturing Mr, Silk" 2:5711, "The Flight to Bagghar" 3:3312, "The Milanese Nightingale" 1:2913, "Presenting Bianca Castafiore" 3:2714, "The Pursuit of the Falcon" 5:4315, "The Captain's Counsel" 2:1016, "The Clash of the Cranes" 3:4817, "The Return to Marlinspike Hall and Finale" 5:5118, "The Adventure Continues" 2:58Total length: 65:22Differences from the source materialThe film mainly draws its story from The Secret of the Unicorn (1943) and The Crab with the Golden Claws (1941) and to a much lesser degree, from Red Rackham's Treasure (1944), There are major differences from the source material, most notably with regard to the antagonists, In the book, Ivan Sakharine is a minor character, neither a villain nor the descendant of Red Rackham, As Sakharine was made the main antagonist in the film, the book's main villains, the Bird brothers, are absent from the adaptation, save for a small "cameo" in the initial sequence at the market, As a result of this change, many events transpire that bear no relation to events in the books involving Sakharine's character, [56] As in other adaptations, Snowy's "voice" is not used, [citation needed]
Release
Steven Spielberg and a costumed character of Tintin at the film's premiere in Paris, 22 October 2011, The film's first press-screening was held in Belgium on 10 October 2011, [57] The world première was held in Brussels, Belgium on 22 October 2011—attended by Princess Astrid and her younger daughters, Princess Luisa Maria and Princess Laetitia Maria; with the Paris première later the same day, [58] Sony later released the film during late October and early November 2011 in Europe, Latin America and India, The film was released in Quebec on 9 December 2011, [59] Paramount distributed the film in Asia, New Zealand, United Kingdom, and all other English-speaking territories, They released the film in the United States on 21 December 2011, [60][61]
Home mediaOn 13 March 2012, Paramount Home Entertainment released The Adventures of Tintin on DVD and Blu-ray, [62] Both formats of the film were also released in a Blu-ray + DVD + Digital Copy combo pack and a Blu-ray 3D + Blu-ray + DVD + Digital Copy combo pack, with each pack including 11 behind-the-scenes featurettes, [63]
During its first week available on home video, The Adventures of Tintin Blu-ray was the number-one-selling HD movie after selling 504, 000 units and generating $11, 09 million in sales, [64] The film was also the second-highest-selling home media seller during its first week, with 50% of its profits coming from its Blu-ray market, [65]
ReceptionCritical responseThe Adventures of Tintin received positive reviews from critics, Based on 228 reviews collected by review aggregate site Rotten Tomatoes, the film scored a 74% approval rating with an average rating of 6, 98/10, The site's critical consensus is, "Drawing deep from the classic Raiders of the Lost Ark playbook, Steven Spielberg has crafted another spirited, thrilling adventure in the form of Tintin, "[12] Metacritic, another review aggregator which assigns a weighted mean rating out of 100 to reviews from mainstream critics, calculated an average score of 68, based on 40 reviews, which indicates "generally favorable reviews", [66] Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film an average grade of "A" on an A+ to F scale,
Colin Covert of st*r Tribune gave the film 4 out of 4 st*rs and said that Spielberg's first venture into animation was his most delightful dose of pure entertainment since Raiders of the Lost Ark, [67] Amy Biancolli of the San Francisco Chronicle wrote, "Such are the timeless joys of the books (and now the movie), this sparkling absurdity and knack for buckling swash under the worst of circumstances, The boy may have the world's strangest cowlick, but he sure can roll with the punches, "[68] Roger Ebert of Chicago Sun-Times gave the film 3, 5 st*rs out of 4, labeling it "an ambitious and lively caper, miles smarter than your average 3-D family film", He praised the setting of the film, stating its similarity to the original Tintin comic strips and was also pleased with the 3-D technology used in the film, saying that "Spielberg employed it as an enhancement to 2-D instead of an attention-grabbing gimmick", [69] Peter Travers of Rolling Stone also gave the film 3, 5 out of 4 st*rs and wrote, "The movie comes at you in a whoosh, like a volcano of creative ideas in full eruption, Presented as the first part of a trilogy produced by Spielberg and Peter Jackson, The Adventures of Tintin hits home for the kid in all of us who wants to bust out and run free, "[70] Kenneth Turan of Los Angeles Times said, "Think of The Adventures of Tintin as a song of innocence and experience, able to combine a sweet sense of childlike wonder and pureness of heart with the most worldly and sophisticated of modern technology, More than anything, it's just a whole lot of fun, "[71]
Giving the film 3, 5 out of 4 st*rs, Lou Lumenick of New York Post wrote, "Spielberg and an army of collaborators—deploying motion capture and 3-D more skillfully than in any film since Avatar—turn this unlikely material into one of the year's most pleasurable, family-friendly experiences, a grand thrill ride of a treasure hunt, "[72] Richard Corliss of Time wrote, "Motion capture, which transforms actors into cartoon characters in a vividly animated landscape, is the technique Spielberg has been waiting for—the Christmas gift … that he's dreamed of since his movie childhood, "[73] Jordan Mintzer of The Hollywood Reporter was also very positive about the film, describing it as "a good ol' fashioned adventure flick that hearkens back to the filmmaker's action-packed, tongue-in-cheek swashbucklers of the 1980s, Steven Spielberg's The Adventures of Tintin: The Secret of the Unicorn is a visually dazzling adaptation", Comparing it with another film, Mintzer said Tintin has "an altogether more successful mocap experience than earlier efforts like The Polar Express", [74]
Belgian newspaper Le Soir's film critics Daniel Couvreur and Nicolas Crousse called the film "a great popular adventure movie", stating "[the film's] enthusiasm and childhood spirit are unreservedly infectious", [75] Le Figaro praised the film, considering it to be "crammed with action, humor and suspense", [76] Leslie Felperin of Variety wrote, "Clearly rejuvenated by his collaboration with producer Peter Jackson, and blessed with a smart script and the best craftsmanship money can buy, Spielberg has fashioned a whiz-bang thrill ride that's largely faithful to the wholesome spirit of his source but still appealing to younger, Tintin-challenged auds, "[77]
La Libre Belgique was, however, a little less enthusiastic; its film critic Alain Lorfèvre called the film "a technical success, [with] a Tintin vivid as it should be [and] a somewhat excessive Haddock", [57] The Guardian's Xan Brooks gave the film two st*rs out of five, stating: "While the big set pieces are often exuberantly handled, the human details are sorely wanting, How curious that Hergé achieved more expression with his use of ink-spot eyes and humble line drawings than a bank of computers and an army of animators were able to achieve, "[78] Blog Critics writer Ross Miller said, "Author Hergé's wonderfully bold and diverse array of characters are a mixed bag when it comes to how they've been translated to the big-screen" and that while the mystery might be "perfectly serviceable" for the film, "the execution of it at times feels languid and stodgy, like it's stumbling along from one eye-catching setpiece to the next", However, he summed it up as "an enjoyable watch with some spectacular set-pieces, lavish visuals and some fine motion-capture performances", [79]
Tom McCarthy, the author of a study of the Tintin books, described Hollywood's treatment in this film of its characters and stories as "truly execrable", stating that it ignores the books' key idea of inauthenticity, The themes of fakeness and phoniness and counterfeit that drive many of the original plots are replaced in the film with messages that feel "as though we have wandered into a seminar on monetisation through self-empowerment … It's like making a biopic of Nietzsche that depicts him as a born-again Christian, or of Gandhi as a trigger-happy Rambo blasting his way through the Raj, "[80]
Steve Rose from The Guardian wrote about one of the film's major criticisms: that The Adventures of Tintin, much like The Polar Express, crossed into the uncanny valley, thereby rendering Tintin "too human and not human at all", [81] Manohla Dargis, one of the chief critics of The New York Times, called the movie "a marvel of gee-wizardry and a night's entertainment that can feel like a lifetime", The simplicity of the comic strip, she wrote, is a crucial part of the success of Tintin, who is "an avatar for armchair adventurers", Dargis noted that Tintin's appearance in the film "resembled Hergé's creation, yet was eerily different as if, like Pinocchio, his transformation into human form had been prematurely interrupted", Another major fault in the film, Dargis opines, is how it is overworked; she writes that there is "hardly a moment of downtime, a chance to catch your breath or contemplate the tension between the animated Expressionism and the photo-realist flourishes", Nevertheless, she singles out some of the "interludes of cinematic delight", approving of the visual imagination employed within the movie's numerous exciting scenes, [82]
The film was named in New York magazine's David Edelstein's Top 10 List for 2011, [83] It was also included in HitFix's top 10 films of 2011, [84]
Box officeThe Adventures of Tintin grossed $77, 591, 831 in North America and $296, 402, 120 in other territories for a worldwide total of $373, 993, 951, [4]
In the United States, it is one of only 12 feature films to be released in over 3, 000 theaters and still improve on its box office performance in its second weekend, increasing 17, 6% from $9, 720, 993 to $11, 436, 160, [85] On its first day, the film opened in the UK, France and Belgium, earning $8, 6 million, In Belgium, Tintin's country of origin, the film made $520, 000, while France provided $4, 6 million, a number higher than other similar Wednesday debuts, [86] In France, it was the second-best debut of the year for its first day after Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows – Part 2, [87] On its first weekend it topped the overseas box office with $56, 2 million from 21 countries, [88] In Belgium, it earned $1, 99 million, It also earned the top spot in many major markets like France and the Maghreb region ($21 million), where it set a record opening weekend for an animated title; the UK, Ireland and Malta ($10, 9 million), Germany ($4, 71 million) and Spain ($3, 75 million), [89][90][91] It retained first place for a second consecutive and final weekend, earning $39, 0 million from 45 territories, [92] In its native Belgium it was up 20% to $2, 39 million, while in France it plummeted 61% to $8, 42 million, Its biggest debut was in Russia and the CIS ($4, 81 million), [93][94]
The film grossed ₹7, 5 crore (US$1, 1 million) on its opening weekend (11–13 November 2011) in India, an all-time record for a Spielberg film and for an animated feature in India, The film was released with 351 prints, the largest-ever release for an animated film, [95][96][97] In four weeks, it became the highest-grossing animated film of all time in the country with ₹25, 4 crore (US$3, 6 million), [98]
AccoladesThe Adventures of Tintin was nominated for Best Original Score at the 84th Academy Awards, [99] It was the first all-digital motion-captured animated film (as well as the first non-Pixar film) to win a Golden Globe for Best Animated Feature Film, [100] It also received two nominations at the 65th British Academy Film Awards in the categories of Best Animated Film and Best Special Visual Effects, [101]
List of awards and nominationsAward Category Recipients and nominees ResultAcademy Awards[99] Best Original Score John Williams NominatedAlliance of Women Film Journalists[102] Best Animated Film NominatedAnnie Award[103] Best Animated Feature NominatedBest Animated Effects in an Animated Production Kevin Romond WonBest Music in a Feature John Williams WonBest Writing in a Feature Production Steven Moffat, Edgar Wright and Joe Cornish NominatedArt Directors Guild[104] Fantasy Film NominatedBAFTA Awards[101] Best Animated Film Steven Spielberg NominatedBest Special Effects Joe Letteri, Keith Miller, Wayne Stables and Jamie Beard NominatedBMI Film & TV Awards[105] Film Music Award John Williams WonChicago Film Critics Association Best Animated Film NominatedCritics' Choice Movie Awards[106] Best Animated Feature NominatedDallas-Fort Worth Film Critics Best Animated Film NominatedEmpire Awards[107] The Art of 3D WonFlorida Film Critics Circle[108] Best Animated Film WonGolden Globe Awards[100] Best Animated Feature Film Steven Spielberg WonGolden Trailer Awards[109] Best Animation/Family NominatedBest Pre-show Theatrical Advertising NominatedGrammy Awards[110] Best Score Soundtrack For Visual Media John Williams NominatedHouston Film Critics Society[111] Best Animated Film NominatedBest Original Score John Williams NominatedIGN Best of 2011[112] Best Animated Movie[113] NominatedBest Movie Actor Andy Serkis[114] NominatedLos Angeles Film Critics Association[115] Best Animation NominatedNew York Film Critics Online Best Animated Film WonOnline Film Critics Society[116] Best Animated Feature NominatedProducers Guild of America Award[117] Outstanding Producer of Animated Theatrical Motion Picture Peter Jackson, Kathleen Kennedy and Steven Spielberg WonSatellite Awards[118] Best Motion Picture, Animated or Mixed Media WonBest Adapted Screenplay Steven Moffat, Edgar Wright and Joe Cornish NominatedSaturn Awards[14] Best Animated Film NominatedBest Director Steven Spielberg NominatedBest Music John Williams NominatedBest Production Design Kim Sinclair NominatedBest Editing Michael Kahn NominatedBest Special Effects Scott E, Anderson, Matt Aitken, Joe Letteri, Matthias Menz and Keith Miller NominatedSt, Louis Gateway Film Critics Association Awards Best Animated Film WonToronto Film Critics Association Best Animated Film WonVisual Effects Society[119][120] Outstanding Visual Effects in an Animated Feature Motion Picture Jamie Beard, Joe Letteri, Meredith Meyer-Nichols, Eileen Moran NominatedOutstanding Animated Character in an Animated Feature Motion Picture Tintin—Gino Acevedo, Gustav Ahren, Jamie Beard, Simon Clutterbuck NominatedOutstanding Created Environment in an Animated Feature Motion Picture Bagghar—Hamish Beachman, Adam King, Wayne Stables, Mark Tait NominatedDocks—Matt Aitken, Jeff Capogreco, Jason Lazaroff, Alessandro Mozzato NominatedPirate Battle—Phil Barrenger, Keith F, Miller, Alessandro Saponi, Christoph Sprenger NominatedOutstanding Virtual Cinematography in an Animated Feature Motion Picture Matt Aitken, Matthias Menz, Keith F, Miller, Wayne Stables NominatedWashington D, C, Area Film Critics Association[121] Best Animated Feature NominatedWomen Film Critics Circle[122] Best Family Film NominatedWorld Soundtrack Academy[123] Best Original Soundtrack of the Year John Williams NominatedSoundtrack Composer of the Year NominatedVideo gameMain article: The Adventures of Tintin: The Secret of the Unicorn (video game)A video game entitled The Adventures of Tintin: The Secret of the Unicorn, developed by game developer Ubisoft, [124] was released to coincide with the release date of the film, Gameloft released a game for iOS devices to coincide with the film's European launch, [125]
Possible sequelsOriginally, the second Tintin film was to be based on Hergé's The Seven Crystal Balls and Prisoners of the Sun, [126] However, screenwriter Anthony Horowitz later stated that those books would be the second sequel and another story would become the first sequel, [8]
Peter Jackson announced that he would direct the sequel once he had finished The Hobbit trilogy, [126] Two years before The Secret of the Unicorn, Jackson mentioned that his favorite Tintin stories were The Seven Crystal Balls, Prisoners of the Sun, The Black Island, and The Calculus Affair, but he had not yet decided which stories would form the basis of the second film, He added "it would be great" to use Destination Moon and Explorers on the Moon for a third or fourth film in the series,
By the time The Secret of the Unicorn was released, Spielberg said the book that would form the sequel had been chosen and that the Thomson and Thompson detectives would "have a much bigger role", [127] The sequel would be produced by Spielberg and directed by Jackson, [127] Kathleen Kennedy said the script might be completed by February or March 2012 and motion-captured in summer 2012, so that the film would be on track to be released by Christmas 2014 or mid-2015, [128]
In the months following the release of The Secret of the Unicorn, Spielberg revealed that a story outline for the sequel had been completed and that it was based on two books, [129] Horowitz tweeted that Professor Calculus would be introduced in the sequel, [130][131] During a press tour in Belgium for The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey, Jackson said he intended to shoot performance-capture in 2013, aiming for a release date in 2015, [132]
In March 2013, Spielberg said, "Don't hold me to it, but we're hoping the film will come out around Christmas-time in 2015, We know which books we're making, we can't share that now but we're combining two books which were always intended to be combined by Hergé, " He refused to confirm the names of the books, but said The Blue Lotus would probably be the third Tintin film, [133] In December 2014, when Jackson was asked if the Tintin sequel would be his next project after The Hobbit trilogy, he said that it would be made "at some point soon", However, he added that he wanted to direct two New Zealand films before that, [134]
In June 2015, Jamie Bell stated that the sequel was titled Tintin and the Temple of the Sun and that he hoped shooting would begin in early 2016 for a possible release by the end of 2017 or early 2018, [135] In November 2015, Horowitz stated that he was no longer working on the sequel, and did not know if it was still being made, [136] and in March 2016, he confirmed that the script he had written for the sequel was scrapped, [137]
On 18 March 2016, Scout, co, nz announced that Jackson would produce the sequel rather than direct, The website also announced that a third Tintin film was in development, with Jackson serving as executive producer, Bell and Serkis were reported to be reprising their roles in both films, [138] Spielberg later announced that Jackson was still attached to directing the sequel, and that it would enter work once Jackson completed another Amblin Partners/DreamWorks production, [139]
In March 2018, Spielberg reiterated the above, saying "Peter Jackson has to do the second part, Normally, if all goes well, he will soon st*rt working on the script, As it takes two years of animation work on the film, for you, I would not expect to see it for about three years, But Peter will stick to it, Tintin is not dead!", [6][7] In interviews later the same year, Jackson affirmed his intent to make another Tintin film, but said that a script was yet to be written, [140][141][142][143]
See alsoThe Adventures of TintinThe Adventures of Tintin (TV series)Tintin and Golden Fleece (1961 film)Tintin and the Blue Oranges (1964 film)Tintin and the Temple of the Sun (1969 film)Tintin and the Lake of Sharks (1972 animated film)References "Sony Pictures Teams Up with Paramount for Tintin", MovieWeb, 2 November 2008, Retrieved 7 April 2011, "The Adventures of Tintin – The Secret of the Unicorn (PG)", Steven Spielberg, British Board of Film Classification, Retrieved 13 October 2011, Thompson, Anne (9 October 2008), "Films up in the air after studios split", Variety, Retrieved 18 June 2011, "The Adventures of Tintin", Box Office Mojo, Retrieved 13 April 2012, "THE ADVENTURES OF TINTIN – THE SECRET OF THE UNICORN", BBFC, 12 October 2011, Retrieved 2 November 2011, "Steven Spielberg : "Peter Jackson va bientôt travailler sur la suite des Aventures de Tintin"", Premiere, fr, 23 March 2018, "Tintin: Steven Spielberg says it's up to Sir Peter Jackson to revive the franchise", Stuff, Masters, Tim (2 November 2011), "Tintin 2: Horowitz says story 'still under discussion'", BBC, Retrieved 24 June 2019, "News Etc", Empire, June 2009, pp, 20–25, "Tintin Has World Premiere In His Hometown", NPR, Associated Press, 22 October 2011, Retrieved 22 October 2011, [permanent dead link] "The Adventures of Tintin Official Movie Site", Paramount Pictures, Archived from the original on 13 October 2011, "The Adventures of Tintin (2011)", Rotten Tomatoes, Fandango Media, Retrieved 1 April 2020, "2012 GOLDEN GLOBES Nominees and Winners – Complete List!", Retrieved 15 April 2012, Goldberg, Matt (29 February 2012), "Saturn Award Nominations Announced; HUGO and HARRY POTTER Lead with 10 Nominations Each", Collider, Retrieved 1 March 2012, "Paramount Pictures and Sony Pictures Entertainment Announce the January 26 st*rt of Principal Photography on the 3D Motion Capture Feature 'The Adventures of Tintin: Secret of the Unicorn' Directed by Steven Spielberg and st*rring Jamie Bell and Daniel Craig", PR Newswire, Archived from the original on 1 February 2009, Retrieved 26 January 2009, Anne Thompson (9 October 2008), "Films up in the air after studios split", Variety, Retrieved 15 October 2008, Tatiana Siegel (6 March 2009), "Spielberg, Jackson dig into 'Tintin'", Variety, Retrieved 7 March 2009, Jay A, Fernandez, Borys Kit (27 January 2009), "Daniel Craig to st*r in "Tintin"", The Hollywood Reporter, Archived from the original on 31 January 2009, Retrieved 27 January 2009, "The Who's Who of Tintin", The Adventures of Tintin DVD "The Cottage – Andy Serkis interview", indieLondon, 2007, Retrieved 4 September 2008, Ruben V, Nepales (18 May 2008), "Spielberg may co-direct next with Peter Jackson", Philippine Daily Inquirer, Archived from the original on 18 May 2008, Retrieved 18 May 2008, "Tintin a Go-go", Empire, 3 September 2008, p, 22, Stephen Armstrong (21 September 2008), "Simon Pegg: He's Mr Popular", The Sunday Times, UK, Retrieved 21 September 2008, Dominic Cavendish (9 January 2009), "Toby Jones takes the lead in Tom Stoppard's classic Every Good Boy Deserves Favour", The Daily Telegraph, UK, Retrieved 9 January 2009, Barry Johnston (18 April 2009), "Scots st*r Tony Curran on his dream role in Spielberg's new Tintin movie", Daily Record, Retrieved 23 April 2009, [dead link] Jeff Dawson (27 May 2007), "Tintin and the Movie Moguls?", The Sunday Times, UK, Retrieved 3 September 2008, Claudia Eller (19 September 2008), "Studio says no to Steven Spielberg, Peter Jackson", Los Angeles Times, Retrieved 19 September 2008, "Culture Briefs", The Washington Times, 29 December 2008, Retrieved 31 December 2008, Paul Davidson (29 August 2001), "Enfin, a Tintin Movie", IGN, Archived from the original on 31 January 2009, Retrieved 3 September 2008, "Tintin 'to become movie hero'", BBC News Online, 22 November 2002, Retrieved 10 October 2007, Steve Head (17 December 2002), "An Interview with Steven Spielberg", IGN, Retrieved 30 June 2008, Paul Davidson (14 January 2004), "Spielberg Planning Tintin Trilogy?", IGN, Retrieved 3 September 2008, Pamela McClintock, Anne Thompson (14 May 2007), "Spielberg, Jackson team for Tintin", Variety, Retrieved 24 May 2007, Rachel Abramowitz (22 March 2009), "'Tintin' project brings moguls together", Los Angeles Times, Retrieved 23 March 2009, Sharon Waxman (22 May 2007), "Top Directors See the Future, and They Say It's in 3-D", The New York Times, Retrieved 4 September 2008, Eric Vespe (9 October 2007), "Holy Smoke!!! 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2012), "Blu-ray Sales: Tintin Finds First Spot", The Numbers, Retrieved 12 December 2012, Katz, Josh (23 March 2012), "Blu-ray Sales, Mar, 12–18: Tintin Tops Blu-rays", Blu-ray, com, Retrieved 12 December 2012, "The Adventures of Tintin", Metacritic, CBS Interactive, Retrieved 9 February 2012, Covert, Colin, "Spielberg's 'Tintin' hugs the child within", st*r Tribune, Archived from the original on 13 September 2012, Retrieved 15 April 2012, Biancolli, Amy (21 December 2011), "'The Adventures of Tintin' review: memorable burp", The San Francisco Chronicle, Retrieved 15 April 2012, Ebert, Roger (20 December 2011), "The Adventures of Tintin", RogerEbert, com, Retrieved 14 April 2012, Travers, Peter, "The Adventures of Tintin", Rolling Stone, Retrieved 20 June 2012, Turan, Kenneth (21 December 2011), "Movie review: 'The Adventures of Tintin", Los Angeles Times, Retrieved 15 April 2012, Lumenick, Lou, "Thrilling 'Tintin' a win-win", New York Post, Retrieved 20 June 2012, "Spielberg's 3-D 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Peter Jackson y croit !", Premiere, fr, 12 November 2018, "La suite de Tintin par Peter Jackson : pas avant quatre ans (, , , ) – ActuaBD", www, actuabd, com, "Mortal Engines, Tintin, Halo, , , où en est vraiment Peter Jackson ? – Dossier Film", EcranLarge, com, 14 December 2018, External linksThe Adventures of Tintin (film)at Wikipedia's sister projectsMedia from Wikimedia CommonsQuotations from WikiquoteData from WikidataOfficial website (archived)The Adventures of Tintin on IMDbThe Adventures of Tintin at Rotten TomatoesThe Adventures of Tintin at MetacriticThe Adventures of Tintin at The Big Cartoon DataBaseThe Adventures of Tintin at Box Office MojoGuide to other screen adaptations of Tintin at Tintinologist, orgvteThe Adventures of Tintin by HergéLinks to related articlesNickelodeon 2009 logo, svgNickelodeon portalAnimation disc, svgAnimation portalVideo-x-generic, svgFilm portalFlag of the United States, svgUnited States portalSpeech balloon, svgComics portalFlag of Belgium, svgBelgium portalAuthority control Edit this at Wikidata GND: 7842928-6NKC: unn2011672718VIAF: 186813281WorldCat Identities (via VIAF): 186813281Categories: 2011 filmsEnglish-language films2011 computer-animated films2011 3D films2010s action adventure films2010s buddy films2010s children's animated films2010s American animated filmsAmerican filmsAmerican 3D filmsAmerican epic filmsAmerican buddy filmsAmerican action adventure filmsAmerican children's animated adventure filmsFilms adapted into video gamesFilms based on Belgian comicsFilms set in the 1930sFilms set in EuropeFilms set in MoroccoFilms set in desertsFilms set on shipsFilms set on airplanesIMAX filmsPirate filmsTintin filmsTreasure hunt filmsMotion capture in film3D animated filmsRotoscoped filmsNew Zealand filmsNew Zealand 3D filmsAnnie Award winnersBest Animated Feature Film Golden Globe winnersFilms directed by Steven SpielbergFilms produced by Steven SpielbergFilms produced by Kathleen KennedyFilms with screenplays by Joe CornishFilms with screenplays by Edgar WrightFilms with screenplays by Steven MoffatFilms scored by John WilliamsParamount Pictures filmsParamount Pictures animated filmsColumbia Pictures filmsColumbia Pictures animated filmsNickelodeon Movies filmsNickelodeon animated filmsAmblin Entertainment animated filmsThe Kennedy/Marshall Company filmsWingNut Films filmsFilms based on multiple works of a seriesTHANKS FOR LOOKING!!!On Feb-10-21 at 07:23:42 PST, seller added the following information:
SOME GENERAL INFO ABOUT Tintin (character)From Wikipedia, the free encyclopediaJump to navigationJump to searchFor other uses, see Tintin (disambiguation), TintinA cartoon drawing of a young man and his white dog walking against clear background, Tintin and his dog Snowy, by HergéPublication informationPublisher Casterman (Belgium)First appearance Tintin in the Land of the Soviets (1929)in The Adventures of TintinCreated by HergéIn-story informationFull name TintinPartnerships List of main characters
Tintin illustrating the theme of diving in the corridors of the Blocry Sports Centre in Louvain-la-Neuve with scenes from the album Red Rackham's Treasure, Tintin (/ˈtɪntɪn/;[1] French: [tɛ̃tɛ̃]) is the titular protagonist of The Adventures of Tintin, the comics series by Belgian cartoonist Hergé, He is a reporter and adventurer who travels around the world with his dog Snowy, The character was created in 1929 and introduced in Le Petit Vingtième, a weekly youth supplement to the Belgian newspaper Le Vingtième Siècle, He appears as a young man, around 14 to 19 years old with a round face and quiff hairstyle, Tintin has a sharp intellect, can defend himself, and is honest, decent, compassionate, and kind, Through his investigative reporting, quick-thinking, and all-around good nature, Tintin is always able to solve the mystery and complete the adventure,
Unlike more colourful characters that he encounters, Tintin's personality is neutral, which allows the reader not merely to follow the adventures but assume Tintin's position within the story, Combined with Hergé's signature ligne claire ("clear line") style, this helps the reader "safely enter a sensually stimulating world", [2]
Tintin's creator died in 1983, yet his creation remains a popular literary figure, even featured in a 2011 Hollywood film, directed by Steven Spielberg, Tintin has been criticised for his controversial attitudes to race and other factors, been honoured by others for his "tremendous spirit", and has prompted a few to devote their careers to his study, General Charles de Gaulle "considered Tintin his only international rival", [3][4]
Contents1 History1, 1 Origins1, 2 Early development1, 3 Later development2 Characterisation2, 1 Description2, 2 Occupation2, 3 Skills and abilities2, 4 Personality3 Reception3, 1 Literary criticism3, 2 Controversy3, 3 Legacy3, 3, 1 Statues and commemorative murals of Tintin4 Adaptations4, 1 Tintin filmography5 See also6 References6, 1 Notes6, 2 Citations6, 3 Bibliography7 Further reading8 External linksHistoryOriginsHistoric photo of a handsome young man, Palle Huld, standing before classic Russian architecturePalle Huld, during his trip around the world in 1928, almost certainly influenced Hergé to create TinTin, [5]Hergé biographer Pierre Assouline noted that "Tintin had a prehistory", being influenced by a variety of sources that Hergé had encountered throughout his life, [6] Hergé noted that during his early schooling in the midst of World War I, when German armies occupied Belgium, he had drawn pictures in the margins of his school workbooks of an unnamed young man battling les Boches (a slang term for the Germans), [7] He later commented that these drawings depicted a brave and adventurous character using his intelligence and ingenuity against opponents, but none of these early drawings survive, [7]
Hergé was also influenced by the physical appearance and mannerisms of his younger brother Paul, who had a round face and a quiff hairstyle, [8] In search of adventure, Paul later joined the army, receiving jeers from fellow officers when the source of Hergé's visual inspiration became obvious, [9] Hergé later stated that in his youth, "I watched him a lot; he entertained me and fascinated me, , , It makes sense that Tintin took on his character, gestures, poses, He had a way of moving and a physical presence that must have inspired me without my knowing it, His gestures stayed in my mind, I copied them clumsily, without meaning to or even knowing I was doing it; it was him I was drawing, This is especially striking in the first drawings of Tintin in the Land of the Soviets, "[10]
In 1898, Benjamin Rabier and Fred Isly published an illustrated story titled Tintin-Lutin ("Tintin the Goblin"), in which they featured a small goblin boy named Tintin, who had a rounded face and quiff, Hergé claimed that Rabier's manner of drawing animals had influenced him, although he swore that he was unaware of the existence of Tintin-Lutin until one of his readers informed him of the similarity in 1970, [11] Hergé would also have been aware of the activities of a number of popular journalists who were well known in Belgium, most notably Joseph Kessel and Albert Londres, who may have been an influence on the development of Tintin, [12] Another potential influence was Palle Huld, a 15-year-old Danish Boy Scout travelling the world, [5] Robert Sexé, a French motorcycle photojournalist, is also considered to have inspired the first few of Tintin's adventures in the Soviet Union, the Belgian Congo, and the United States, Sexé has been noted to have a similar appearance to Tintin, and the Hergé Foundation in Belgium has admitted that it is not too hard to imagine how Hergé could have been influenced by the exploits of Sexé, [13][14][15]
A few years after Hergé discovered the joys of Scouting, [16][a] he became the unofficial artist for his Scout troop and drew a Boy Scout character for the national magazine Le Boy Scout Belge, This young man, whom he named Totor, travelled the globe and righted wrongs, all without ruffling his Scout honour, [18] As was the format for European comics at the time, the early drawings of Totor merely illustrated the story; the text that appeared below the drawings is what propelled the action, [18] Totor had been very much in Hergé's mind; its new comics character would be, Hergé himself later said, "the little brother of Totor , , , keeping the spirit of a Boy Scout, "[19] Assouline would describe Totor as "a sort of trial run" for Tintin, [6] while Harry Thompson noted that in several years he would "metamorphose" into Tintin, [20]
Hergé had seen the new style of American comics[21][b] and was ready to try it, Tintin's new comic would be a strip cartoon[3] with dialogue in speech bubbles[22][c] and drawings that carried the story, Young reporter Tintin would have the investigative acumen of Londres, the travelling abilities of Huld, and the high moral standing of Totor; the Boy Scout traveling reporter that Hergé would have liked to have been, [23]
Early development"The idea for the character of Tintin and the sort of adventures that would befall him came to me, I believe, in five minutes, the moment I first made a sketch of the figure of this hero: that is to say, he had not haunted my youth nor even my dreams, Although it's possible that as a child I imagined myself in the role of a sort of Tintin, "Hergé, 15 November 1966, [6]Tintin appeared after Hergé got his first job working at the Catholic newspaper Le Vingtième Siècle ("The Twentieth Century"), where his director challenged him to create a new serialised comic for its Thursday supplement for young readers, Le Petit Vingtième ("The Little Twentieth"), [24]
In the edition of 30 December 1928 of the satirical weekly newspaper Le Sifflet, Hergé had included two cartoon gags with word balloons, in which he depicted a boy and a little white dog, Abbe Wallez thought that these characters could be developed further, and asked Hergé to use characters like these for an adventure that could be serialised in Le Petit Vingtième, [25] Hergé agreed, creating The Adventures of Tintin as a result, Images of Tintin and Snowy first appeared in the youth supplement on 4 January 1929, in an advert for the upcoming series, [26] However, Hergé would later insist that Tintin would only be "born" on 10 January 1929, when Tintin in the Land of the Soviets began to be serialised in Le Petit Vingtieme, [27] Tintin was given plus fours for trousers because Hergé sometimes wore them, [6] Tintin did not have his quiff from the first installment, instead this only developed somewhat later, in what became page 8 of the printed volume, as Tintin is depicted getting into a car that drives off at high speeds, forcing the formation of his quiff, [28] Tintin in the Land of the Soviets would also feature Tintin writing a report on his activities in the Soviet Union to send back to Belgium; the only time in the entire series that he is actually seen reporting, [29]
Hergé later admitted that he did not take Tintin seriously in the early Adventures, explaining simply that he "put the character to the test" and that Tintin was simply created "as a joke between friends, forgotten the next day, "[30] Hergé biographer Benoît Peeters noted that throughout the early Adventures, Tintin was "supremely Belgian" in his characteristics, [30] a view echoed by biographer Pierre Assouline, who deemed all of the protagonists of the early Adventures "very Belgian", [31] Hergé himself commented: "my early works are books by a young Belgian filled with the prejudices and ideas of a Catholic, they are books that could have been written by any Belgian in my situation, They are not very intelligent, I know, and do me no honour: they are 'Belgian' books, "[31] Peeters deemed the early Tintin to be "a Sartre-esque character", an "existentialist before the term had been coined", having "no surname, no family, hardly anything of a face, and the mere semblance of a career, "[30] Ultimately, he deemed him nothing but a "narrative vehicle" for the story, being an otherwise incoherent character, [30]
Later development[icon] This section needs expansion, You can help by adding to it, (January 2014)CharacterisationDescriptionThe image of Tintin—a round-faced[32] young man running with a white fox terrier by his side—is easily one of the most recognisable visual icons of the twentieth century, [33] Hergé created Tintin as an ethnically white Belgian who was a native of Brussels, aged 14–15 years old with blonde hair, [34] Assouline deemed Tintin to be middle-class, which he considered one of the few traits that the character had in common with Hergé, [34] In his first appearance, Tintin is dressed in a long travelling coat and hat, a few pages later adopting his familiar plus fours, check suit, black socks, and Eton collar, (Hergé remembers a Canadian student at his college who was teased for wearing plus fours and Argyll socks; certainly an inspiration, )[35] At first, the famous quiff is plastered to Tintin's forehead, but during a particularly vigorous car chase, his quiff is out and remains so, [36] By the time he arrives in Chicago for his third adventure, both Hergé and his readers feel they know Tintin well, and he was to change little in either appearance or dress, [37] Hergé was once asked by interviewer Numa Sadoul how the character Tintin developed; he replied, "He practically did not evolve, Graphically, he remained an outline, Look at his features: his face is a sketch, a formula, "[38][d] This view was echoed by Assouline, who commented that graphically, Tintin was "as uncomplicated as the story line", [34]
Hergé never explained why he chose Tintin as the character's name, [citation needed] He had previously made use of alliteration with the name of his previous character, Totor, [citation needed] Michael Farr speculated that Hergé had adopted it from Rabier's Tintin le lutin, [40] although Hergé insisted that he did not learn of this book until 1970, [41] Farr incorrectly believed that "Tintin" was probably the character's surname because other characters, such as his landlady, occasionally refer to him as Mr, Tintin (as printed on his doorbell), [40] but "monsieur" is sometimes used with only a first name in French even today, especially in certain situations, and was common in the past, More specifically, use of only a person's first name is usually impolite even today and was so especially in the past, Assouline asserted that it could not be his surname because he lacked a family, [41] He thought that Hergé had adopted it because "it sounded heroic, clear, and cheerful" as well as being "easy to remember", [41]
Tintin's age is never specified, [40] Throughout the Adventures, published over 50 years, he remained youthful, [40] In 1970, Hergé commented that "For me, Tintin hasn't aged, What age do I give him? I don't know , , , 17? In my judgement, he was 14 or 15 when I created him, Boy Scout, and he has practically not moved on, Suppose he put on 3 or 4 years in 40 years , , , Good, work out an average, 15 and 4 equals 19, "[42]
OccupationFrom Tintin's first adventure, he lives the life of a campaigning reporter, [43] He is sent to the Soviet Union, where he writes his editor a dispatch, [44] He travels to the Belgian Congo, where he engages in photojournalism, When he travels to China in The Blue Lotus, the Shanghai News features the front-page headline, "Tintin's Own Story", In The Broken Ear, with notebook in hand, Tintin questions the director of the Museum of Ethnography over a recent theft, Sometimes Tintin is the one being interviewed, such as when a radio reporter presses him for details, "In your own words, "[45] But aside from a few examples, Tintin is never actually seen consulting with his editor or delivering a story, [44]
As his adventures continue, Tintin is less often seen reporting and is more often seen as a detective, [45] pursuing his investigative journalism from his flat at No, 26 Labrador Road, [46] Other characters refer to him as Sherlock Holmes, as he has a sharp intellect, an eye for detail, and powers of deduction, Like Holmes, he is occasionally a master of disguise, and in Rastapopoulos even has an archenemy, [45]
Tintin's occupation drifts further in later adventures, abandoning all pretence of reporting news and instead making it in his role of explorer, [47] Clearly unencumbered with financial preoccupations, after Red Rackham's Treasure he is ensconced as a permanent house guest in the stately Marlinspike Hall with retired mariner Captain Haddock and the scientist Professor Calculus, [46] Tintin occupies all of his time with his friends, exploring the bottom of the sea, the tops of the mountains, and the surface of the Moon (sixteen years before astronaut Neil Armstrong), [45] Through it all, Tintin finds himself cast in the role of international social crusader, sticking up for the underdog and looking after those less fortunate than himself, [48]
Skills and abilitiesFrom the first volume onward, Hergé depicted Tintin as being adept at driving or fixing any mechanical vehicle that he comes across, including cars, motorcycles, aeroplanes, and tanks, [49] Given the opportunity, Tintin is at ease driving any automobile, has driven a moon tank, and is comfortable with every aspect of aviation, He is also a skilled radio operator with knowledge of Morse code, [50] He packs a solid punch to a villain's jaw when necessary, demonstrates impressive swimming skills, and is a crack shot, [51] He proves himself a capable engineer and scientist during his adventure to the Moon, [50] He is also an excellent athlete, in outstanding condition, able to walk, run, and swim long distances, Hergé summarized Tintin's abilities thusly: "a hero without fear or reproach, "[35] More than anything else, Tintin is a quick thinker and an effective diplomat, He is simply an all-rounder, good at almost everything, which is what Hergé himself would have liked to be, [52]
PersonalityTintin's personality evolved as Hergé wrote the series, [30] Peeters related that in the early Adventures, Tintin's personality was "incoherent", in that he was "[s]ometimes foolish and sometimes omniscient, pious to the point of mockery and then unacceptably aggressive", ultimately just serving as a "narrative vehicle" for Hergé's plots, [30] Hergé biographer Pierre Assouline noted that in the early Adventures, Tintin showed "little sympathy for humanity", [31] Assouline described the character as "obviously celibate, excessively virtuous, chivalrous, brave, a defender of the weak and oppressed, never looks for trouble but always finds it; he is resourceful, takes chances, is discreet, and is a nonsmoker, "[34]
Michael Farr deemed Tintin to be an intrepid young man of high moral standing, with whom his audience can identify, [7] His rather neutral personality permits a balanced reflection of the evil, folly, and foolhardiness that surrounds him, allowing the reader to assume Tintin's position within the story rather than merely following the adventures of a strong protagonist, [53] Tintin's iconic representation enhances this aspect, with comics expert Scott McCloud noting that the combination of Tintin's iconic, neutral personality and Hergé's "unusually realistic", signature ligne claire ("clear line") style "allows the reader to mask themselves in a character and safely enter a sensually stimulating world, "[2]
To the other characters, Tintin is honest, decent, compassionate, and kind, [52] He is also modest and self-effacing, which Hergé also was, and is the most loyal of friends, which Hergé strove to be, [52] The reporter does have vices, becoming too tipsy before facing the firing squad (in The Broken Ear) or too angry when informing Captain Haddock that he nearly cost them their lives (in Explorers on the Moon), However, as Michael Farr observed, Tintin has "tremendous spirit" and, in Tintin in Tibet, was appropriately given the name Great Heart, [52] By turns, Tintin is innocent, politically crusading, escapist, and finally cynical, [54] If he had perhaps too much of the goody-goody about him, at least he was not priggish; Hergé admitting as much, saying, "If Tintin is a moralist, he's a moralist who doesn't take things too seriously, so humour is never far away from his stories, "[55] It is this sense of humour that makes the appeal of Tintin truly international, [54]
ReceptionThe Adventures of Tintin was one of the most popular European comics of the 20th century, and it remains popular today, By the time of the centenary of Hergé's birth in 2007, [56] Tintin had been published in more than 70 languages with sales of more than 200 million copies, [57]
Literary criticismMain article: List of books about TintinThe study of Tintin has become the life work of many literary critics, observers sometimes referring to this study as "Tintinology", [58] A prominent literary critic of Tintin is Philippe Goddin, "Belgium's leading authority on Hergé", [59] author of numerous books on the subject, including Hergé and Tintin, Reporters and the biography Hergé: lignes de vie, [60] In 1983, Benoît Peeters published Le Monde d'Hergé, subsequently published in English as Tintin and the World of Hergé in 1988, [61] The reporter Michael Farr brought Tintin literary criticism to the English language with works such as Tintin, 60 Years of Adventure (1989), Tintin: The Complete Companion (2001), [62] Tintin & Co, (2007)[63] and The Adventures of Hergé (2007), [64] as had English screenwriter Harry Thompson, the author of Tintin: Hergé and his Creation (1991), [65]
ControversyTintin's earliest stories naively depicted controversial images, with Tintin engaging in racial stereotypes, animal cruelty, violence, colonialism, including ethnocentric caricatured portrayals of non-Europeans, most notably in Tintin in the Congo, [66] Later, Hergé made corrections to Tintin's actions, for example, replacing Tintin's dynamiting of a rhinoceros with an incident in which the rhino accidentally discharges Tintin's rifle, and called his earlier actions "a transgression of my youth, "[67]
LegacyIn the end, you know, my only international rival is Tintin! We are the small ones, who do not let themselves be had by the great ones, –Charles de Gaulle[4] [e]As observed by Michael Farr, "Hergé created a hero who embodied human qualities and virtues but no faults, The Adventures of Tintin mirror the past century while Tintin himself provides a beacon of excellence for the future, "[52] Harry Thompson said Tintin is "almost featureless, ageless, sexless, and did not appear to be burdened with a personality, Yet this very anonymity remains the key to Tintin's gigantic international success, With so little to mark him out, anybody from Curaçao to Coventry can identify with him and live out his adventures, Millions have done so, both adults and children, including the likes of Steven Spielberg, Andy Warhol, Wim Wenders, Françoise Sagan, Harold Macmillan and General Charles de Gaulle, who considered Tintin his only international rival, "[3][4]
On 3 March 1983, when Hergé died at 76, [68] several leading French and Belgian newspapers devoted their front pages to the news, some illustrating it with a panel of Snowy grieving over his master's unconscious body, [69]
Statues and commemorative murals of TintinThe Grand Sablon / Grote Zavel, Brussels, Belgium contains a life sized bronze statue of Tintin and his fox terrier, Snowy just outside Comics cafe, [70][71]A mural on a building at Rue de l'Etuve / Stoofstraat recreates a scene of Tintin and Captain Haddock coming down a building fire escape from The Calculus Affair, [72]The South station in Brussels contains a huge reproduction of a panel from Tintin in America, [70]The Le Lombard building in Central Brussels (Near the South railway station) two giant heads of Tintin and Snowy on the roof, These are lit up with neon lights at night, Lombard was the editor of the Journal de Tintin, [73]The Stokkel/Stockel metro station in Brussels has huge panels with scenes from Tintin comic books painted as murals, [72]The Uccle cultural center (Rue Ruge)in Belgium has a life size statue of Tintin and Snowy, The statue was sculpted by Nat Neujeun and commissioned by Raymond Leblanc, the publisher of Le Petit Vingtieme, [74]Floral Street in Covent Garden (United Kingdom) contains a shop called The Tintin shop, containing Tintin memorabilia, [75]A restaurant on Zuidstraat, Brussels is named Le Lotus Bleu (after the original French name of the Tintin comic The Blue Lotus)[74]One of the high speed trains of Thalys is covered with images from Tintin comic books, [72]The Hergé museum in Brussels contains numerous memorabilia from Remi's works with respect to Tintin[72]Brussel's Comic Strip Center contains a 1952 bust of Tintin by the artist Nat Neujean[72]AdaptationsA computer-illustrated, moderately realistic-looking image of Tintin, a screenshot from his new movieTintin as he appears in Steven Spielberg's 2011 motion capture feature film The Adventures of Tintin: The Secret of the Unicorn as portrayed by Jamie BellTintin has appeared in real-life events staged by publishers for publicity stunts, Tintin's first live appearance was at the Gare du Nord station in Brussels on 8 May 1930, towards the end publication of the first adventure, Tintin in the Land of the Soviets, Fifteen-year-old Lucien Pepermans dressed to play the part and travelled with Hergé to the station by train, They were expecting only a handful of readers but instead found themselves mobbed by a whole horde of fans, [76][f] Fourteen-year-old Henri Dendoncker appeared as Tintin returning from Tintin in the Congo, [78][g] Others have played Tintin returning from the adventures Tintin in America and The Blue Lotus, [80]
Actress Jane Rubens was the first to play Tintin on stage in April 1941, [81] The plays, written by Jacques Van Melkebeke, included Tintin in India: The Mystery of the Blue Diamond and Mr, Boullock's Disappearance, She was later replaced by 11-year-old Roland Ravez, who also lent his voice to recordings of the Cigars of the Pharaoh and The Blue Lotus, [81] Jean-Pierre Talbot played Tintin in two live-action movie adaptations: Tintin and the Golden Fleece (1961) and Tintin and the Blue Oranges (1964), [82] Canadian actor Colin O'Meara voiced Tintin in the 1991 Canadian-made The Adventures of Tintin animated TV series, which originally aired on HBO and subsequently on Nickelodeon, At the same time, actor Richard Pearce provided the voice of Tintin for a radio drama series of Tintin created by the BBC, which also st*rred Andrew Sachs as Snowy, [83] In 2005, English actor Russell Tovey played the role at the London Barbican Theatre for a Young Vic adaptation of Tintin in Tibet, [84]
Shortly before Hergé's death in 1983, he came to admire the work of Steven Spielberg; whom he felt was the only director who could successfully bring his Tintin to the big screen, [85] The result was the 2011 motion capture feature film The Adventures of Tintin: The Secret of the Unicorn, which merges plots from several Tintin books,
Tintin filmographyFeature films1961 : Tintin and the Golden Fleece (Tintin et le Mystère de la Toison d'or) by Jean-Jacques Vierne1964 : Tintin and the Blue Oranges (Tintin et les Oranges bleues) by Philippe CondroyerAnimated films1947 : The Crab with the Golden Claws (Le Crabe aux pinces d'or) by Claude Misonne1964 : The Calculus Case by Ray Goossens1969 : Tintin et la SGM by Raymond Leblanc1969 : Tintin and the Temple of the Sun (Tintin et le Temple du Soleil) by Eddie Lateste1972 : Tintin and the Lake of Sharks (Tintin et le lac aux requins) by Raymond Leblanc2011 : The Adventures of Tintin (Les Aventures de Tintin: Le Secret de La Licorne) by Steven SpielbergTelevision series1957-1961 : Hergé's Adventures of Tintin (animated series)[86]1992 : The Adventures of Tintin (animated series of 3 seasons 13 episodes each)See alsoList of The Adventures of Tintin charactersReferencesNotes Of his childhood, Hergé said, "I have memories, but these do not begin to brighten, to become coloured until the moment when I discovered Scouting, "[17] Léon Degrelle, Rexist leader, protégé of Hitler, and foreign correspondent of Le Vingtième Siècle, was acquainted with Hergé and sent him "local newspapers in which there were American strip cartoons, That's how I came across my first comics, " (Hergé, in 1975)[21] Belgian readers were not acquainted with the American strip cartoons that Hergé had recently become familiar with, so most had never seen speech bubbles before, "Hergé virtually pioneered their use in Europe, " Harry Thompson points out, "Readers reacted to the early works and deeds of Tintin as if they were carved on tablets of stone, "[22] Should the reader examine any image of Tintin in his comic strips, they "will see that Tintin always moves from left to right, advancing the story, Obstacles come at him from right to left, and when he moves in that direction he is usually experiencing a setback, " (Harry Thompson, adding that 1934's Cigars of the Pharaoh had to be redrawn in 1955 as it had not adhered to this formula, )[39] "Au fond, vous savez, mon seul rival international c'est Tintin! Nous sommes les petits qui ne se laissent pas avoir par les grands, " Spoken by French general Charles de Gaulle, according to his Minister for Cultural Affairs André Malraux, De Gaulle had just banned all NATO aircraft bases from France; "the great ones" referred to USA and USSR, De Gaulle then added, "On ne s'en aperçoit pas, à cause de ma taille, " ("Only nobody notices the likeness because of my height, ")[4] Some seventy years later, in 2000, Pepermans, now living in a retirement home, was guest of honour at a meeting of the Amis d'Hergé ("Friends of Hergé"), hosted by Jean-Pierre Talbot, former Tintin actor, [77] On 9 July 1931, Boy Scout Henri Dendoncker dressed in African safari gear and played the part for Tintin's return from the Congo, He appeared with a fox terrier representing Snowy, accompanied by Hergé, ten Congolese, and two other boys dressed as Quick & Flupke, [79] Later, during World War II, Dendoncker served with Britain's SOE, Captured by Nazi Germany, he survived the concentration camps, was decorated by the Queen, and became a British citizen under the name "Henri Dark", [78]Citations Wells, John C, (2008), Longman Pronunciation Dictionary (3rd ed, ), Longman, ISBN 978-1-4058-8118-0, McCloud 1993, pp, 42–43, Thompson 1991, p, 34, Charles-de-Gaulle, org 1958; The New York Times 5 March 1983; Lofficier & Lofficier 2002, p, 9, Jensen 2012; Liljestrand 2012, Assouline 2009, p, 19, Farr 2007, p, 11, Thompson 1991, p, 16; Peeters 2012, p, 20, Thompson 1991, p, 19, Peeters 2012, p, 34; Farr 2007, p, 16; Le Soir December 1940, Assouline 2009, p, 21; Farr 2007, p, 17, Farr 2007, p, 13; Thompson 1991, p, 39; Assouline 2009, p, 20; Peeters 2012, p, 34, Paterson, Tony (7 December 2010), "Tintin and the figure of mysterious inspiration", The Independent, Retrieved 15 March 2018, Gardner, France (30 October 2011), Tintin's Adventure with Frank Gardner (Documentary), Webster, Paul (17 May 1999), "Writer tracks down Tintin's real life inspiration", Retrieved 15 March 2018, Thompson 1991, p, 17; Farr 2007, p, 12; Le Monde February 1973, Farr 2007, p, 12; Le Monde February 1973, Thompson 1991, pp, 25–26, Farr 2007, p, 13; Assouline 2009, p, 19; Sadoul 1975, Thompson 1991, p, 25, Farr 2007a, p, 53; La Libre Belgique December 1975, Thompson 1991, p, 7, Farr 2007, pp, 13–14, Thompson 1991, pp, 17, 27–29, Peeters 2012, pp, 32–33, Assouline 2009, p, 22, Farr 2001, p, 8; Assouline 2009, p, 19, Assouline 2009, p, 9; Peeters 2012, p, 37, Peeters 2012, p, 34, Peeters 2012, p, 36, Assouline 2009, p, 23, Thompson 1991, p, 81, Lofficier & Lofficier 2002, p, 9, Assouline 2009, p, 20, Thompson 1991, p, 35, Farr 2007, p, 16; Thompson 1991, p, 33, Farr 2007, p, 18, Farr 2007, p, 18; Sadoul 1975, Thompson 1991, p, 71, Farr 2007, p, 17, Assouline 2009, p, 21, Farr 2007, p, 17; Sadoul 1975, Thompson 1991, p, 119; Farr 2007, p, 14, Thompson 1991, pp, 38–39; Farr 2007, p, 15, Farr 2007, p, 15, Thompson 1991, p, 119, Thompson 1991, p, 147; Farr 2007, p, 15, 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Brussels", Official route drawn by Moulinsart and Studios Hergé, Moulinsart and Studios Hergé, Archived from the original on 13 May 2014, Retrieved 3 March 2014, "In Brussels", Cheung family adventures, Blog – Cheung family, 17 January 2012, Archived from the original on 9 March 2014, Retrieved 3 March 2014, Tiger, Silver (20 January 2010), "Around Floral Street", Covent Garden, Blog, Archived from the original on 8 March 2014, Retrieved 3 March 2014, Goddin 2008, p, 67, La Dernière Heure 2003, Slater 2009, Sadoul 1975, Thompson 1991, p, 57, Przybylski 2003, Lofficier & Lofficier 2002, pp, 144–146, Lofficier & Lofficier 2002, p, 148, Barbican 2005, Farr 2007a, p, 71, "Planète Jeunesse - Les Aventures de Tintin (1957)", www, planete-jeunesse, com, BibliographyAssouline, Pierre (2009) [1996], Hergé, the Man Who Created Tintin, Charles Ruas (translator), Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press, ISBN 978-0-19-539759-8, Bostock, Sarah; Brennan, Jon (10 January 2007), "Talk of the toon", The Guardian, London, Archived from the original on 20 December 2013, Retrieved 14 June 2013, Farr, Michael (2001), Tintin: The Complete Companion, London: John Murray, ISBN 978-0-7195-5522-0, Farr, Michael (2007), Tintin & Co, London: John Murray Publishers Ltd, ISBN 978-1-4052-3264-7, Farr, Michael (2007a), The Adventures of Hergé (Re-release ed, ), San Francisco: Last Gasp (first published in 2007 by John Murray Publishers Ltd, ), ISBN 978-0-86719-679-5, Goddin, Philippe (2008), The Art of Hergé, Inventor of Tintin: Volume 1, 1907–1937, Michael Farr (translator), San Francisco: Last Gasp, ISBN 978-0-86719-706-8, Jensen, Jacob Wendt (22 December 2012), "Tintin en eventyrerefter dansk forbillede" [Tintin an adventurer on the Danish model], Berlingske Tidende (in Danish), Copenhagen, Archived from the original on 3 February 2015, Retrieved 7 August 2013, Junkers, Dorothee (22 May 2007), "Centennial of Tintin's Hergé noted", Taipei Times, Taipei, Archived from the original on 20 December 2013, Retrieved 22 June 2013, Liljestrand, Jens (22 August 2012), "Palle Huld: Jorden rundt i 44 dage" [Palle Huld: Round the Earth in 44 Days], Dagens Nyheter (in Swedish), Stockholm, Archived from the original on 25 November 2012, Retrieved 10 December 2013, Lofficier, Jean-Marc; Lofficier, Randy (2002), The Pocket Essential Tintin, Harpenden, Hertfordshire: Pocket Essentials, ISBN 978-1-904048-17-6, McCloud, Scott (1993), Understanding Comics: The Invisible Art, Princeton, Wisconsin: Kitchen Sink Press, ISBN 978-0-87816-243-7, Peeters, Benoît (1989), Tintin and the World of Hergé, London: Methuen Children's Books, ISBN 978-0-416-14882-4, Peeters, Benoît (2012) [2002], Hergé: Son of Tintin, Tina A, Kover (translator), Baltimore, Maryland: Johns Hopkins University Press, ISBN 978-1-4214-0454-7, Pollard, Lawrence (22 May 2007), "Belgium honours Tintin's creator", London: BBC News, Archived from the original on 3 October 2007, Retrieved 22 June 2013, Przybylski, Eddy (27 February 2003), "A 11 ans, Roland Ravez fut Tintin au théâtre" [At age 11, Roland Ravez was Tintin in theater], Brussels: DH, be, Archived from the original on 30 December 2013, Retrieved 29 December 2013, Sadoul, Numa (1975), Tintin et moi: entretiens avec Hergé [Tintin and I: Interviews with Hergé] (in French), Tournai: Casterman, ISBN 978-2-08-080052-7, Slater, Daniel (27 July 2009), "Le vrai héros de Tintin au Congo" [The Real Hero of Tintin in the Congo], Le Soir (in French), Brussels, Archived from the original on 20 December 2013, Retrieved 29 December 2013, Thompson, Harry (1991), Tintin: Hergé and his Creation, London: Hodder and Stoughton, ISBN 978-0-340-52393-3, Wagner, Erica (9 December 2006), "Tintin at the top", The Times, London, Retrieved 11 March 2011, Walker, Andrew (16 December 2005), "Faces of the week", London: BBC News, Archived from the original on 20 December 2013, Retrieved 18 December 2013, "Ce mysteriéux Monsieur Hergé" [That Mysterious Mister Hergé], La Dernière Heure (in French), Brussels, 2003, "De Gaulle seen by himself", Foundation Charles-de-Gaulle, org, September 1958, Archived from the original on 4 December 2013, Retrieved 14 June 2013, "Hergé's Adventures of Tintin at the Barbican Theatre", Barbican, org, uk, 1 December 2005, Archived from the original on 13 December 2013, Retrieved 10 December 2013, "Les 'lignes de vie' d'Hergé" [The "Life Lines" of Hergé], La Libre Belgique (in French), Brussels, 25 October 2007, Archived from the original on 10 November 2013, Retrieved 23 December 2013, "Obituary: Georges Remi, creator of comic figure Tintin", The New York Times, New York City, 5 March 1983, Archived from the original on 8 January 2014, Retrieved 12 September 2006, "Tintin creator's centenary", The Age, Melbourne, 24 May 2006, Archived from the original on 15 March 2014, Retrieved 22 December 2012, "(Title unknown)", Le Soir (in French), Brussels, December 1940, Researched by Michael Farr for Tintin & Co, , 2007, "(Title unknown)", Le Monde (in French), Paris, February 1973, Researched by Michael Farr for Tintin & Co, , 2007, "(Title unknown)", La Libre Belgique (in French), Brussels, December 1975, Researched by Michael Farr for Tintin & Co, , 2007, Further readingApostolidès, Jean-Marie (2010) [2006], The Metamorphoses of Tintin, or Tintin for Adults, Jocelyn Hoy (translator), Stanford: Stanford University Press, ISBN 978-0-8047-6031-7, Goddin, Philippe (2010), The Art of Hergé, Inventor of Tintin: Volume 2, 1937–1949, Michael Farr (translator), San Francisco: Last Gasp, ISBN 978-0-86719-724-2, Goddin, Philippe (2011), The Art of Hergé, Inventor of Tintin: Volume 3: 1950–1983, Michael Farr (translator), San Francisco: Last Gasp, ISBN 978-0-86719-763-1, McCarthy, Tom (2006), Tintin and the Secret of Literature, London: Granta, ISBN 978-1-86207-831-4, External linksOfficial websiteTintinologist, org – Long-established English-language fan site, Hachettebookgroup, com – Tintin books, USAuthority control Edit this at Wikidata BNF: cb122860586 (data)GND: 119451425LCCN: nb2017008072NLP: A28358661SELIBR: 264409SUDOC: 031693784VIAF: 77125852WorldCat Identities: viaf-44151776805418012310vteThe Adventures of Tintin by HergéThe Adventuresof Tintin Tintin in the Land of the Soviets (1930)Tintin in the Congo (1931)Tintin in America (1932)Cigars of the Pharaoh (1934)The Blue Lotus (1936)The Broken Ear (1937)The Black Island (1938)King Ottokar's Sceptre (1939)The Crab with the Golden Claws (1941)The Shooting st*r (1942)The Secret of the Unicorn (1943)Red Rackham's Treasure (1944)The Seven Crystal Balls (1948)Prisoners of the Sun (1949)Land of Black Gold (1950)Destination Moon (1953)Explorers on the Moon (1954)The Calculus Affair (1956)The Red Sea Sharks (1958)Tintin in Tibet (1960)The Castafiore Emerald (1963)Flight 714 to Sydney (1968)Tintin and the Picaros (1976)Tintin and Alph-Art (1986, unfinished)Le Thermozéro (unfinished, unpublished)Characters TintinSnowyCaptain HaddockProfessor CalculusThomson and ThompsonRastapopoulosBianca CastafioreChang Chong-ChenNestorJolyon WaggSettings BorduriaKhemedMarlinspike HallSan TheodorosSyldaviaThe UnicornWadesdahOther settingsFeature films Animated The Crab with the Golden Claws (1947)Tintin and the Temple of the Sun (1969)Tintin and the Lake of Sharks (1972)The Adventures of Tintin (2011)Live-action Tintin and the Golden Fleece (1961)Tintin and the Blue Oranges (1964)Television series Hergé's Adventures of Tintin (1958–62)The Adventures of Tintin (1991–92)Home videoDocumentaries I, Tintin (1976)Tintin and I (2003)Stage The Mystery of the Blue Diamond (1941)Mr, Boullock's Disappearance (1941)Kuifje – De Zonnetempel (De Musical) (2001)Tintin – Le Temple du Soleil – Le Spectacle Musical (2002)Video games Tintin on the Moon (1987)Tintin in Tibet (1996)Prisoners of the Sun (1997)Tintin: Destination Adventure (2001)The Adventures of Tintin: The Secret of the Unicorn (2011)Other mediaand memorabilia Tintin mediaBooks about Tintin Tintin and the World of HergéTintin magazineTintin postage stampsTintin coinsCollaboratorsof Hergé Studios HergéBob de MoorEdgar P, JacobsJacques MartinGregRoger LeloupJosette BaujotJacques Van MelkebekeZhang ChongrenLegacy of Hergé Hergé FoundationIdeology of TintinLigne claireMusée HergéParodies and pastiches Breaking FreeTintin in ThailandPublishers Bonnier GroupCarlsen VerlagCastermanEgmontGolden PressLe LombardMethuen PublishingLe Petit VingtièmeLe SoirTintin (magazine)Little, Brown & Co, Literary critics Michael FarrPhilippe GoddinBenoît PeetersYves RodierNuma SadoulWikipedia book BookCategory CategorySpeech balloon, svgComics portalCategories: Tintin charactersComics characters introduced in 1929Fictional reportersFictional amateur detectivesFictional Belgian peopleFictional explorersMagazine mascotsMale characters in comicsScouting and Guiding in BelgiumHergé charactersFictional astronautsFictional colonels--------------------ABOUT The Adventures of TintinFrom Wikipedia, the free encyclopediaJump to navigationJump to searchThis article is about the comics, For the 2011 film, see The Adventures of Tintin (film), For other uses, see The Adventures of Tintin (disambiguation), The Adventures of TintinTintin is standing in a group amongst the main characters of the comics series, The main characters of The Adventures of Tintin from left to right:Professor Calculus, Captain Haddock, Tintin, Thompson, Snowy (dog), Thomson, and Bianca CastafioreCreated by HergéPublication informationPublisher CastermanLe LombardEgmont GroupTitle(s)Formats Original material for the series has been published as a strip in the comics anthology(s)Le Petit VingtièmeLe SoirTintin magazine and a set of graphic novels, Original language FrenchGenre Action/adventurePublication date 1929 – 1976Main character(s) TintinSnowyCaptain HaddockProfessor CalculusThomson and ThompsonBianca CastafioreCreative teamWriter(s) HergéArtist(s) HergéUncredited:Bob de MoorEdgar P, JacobsJacques MartinRoger LeloupColourist(s) Edgar P, JacobsJosette BaujotFanny Rodwell(all uncredited)
Tintin illustrating the theme of diving in the corridors of the Blocry Sports Centre in Louvain-la-Neuve with scenes from the album Red Rackham's Treasure, The Adventures of Tintin (French: Les Aventures de Tintin [lez‿avɑ̃tyʁ də tɛ̃tɛ̃]) is a series of 24 bande dessinée albums created by Belgian cartoonist Georges Remi, who wrote under the pen name Hergé, The series was one of the most popular European comics of the 20th century, By 2007, a century after Hergé's birth in 1907, [1] Tintin had been published in more than 70 languages with sales of more than 200 million copies, [2] and had been adapted for radio, television, theatre, and film,
The series first appeared in French on 10 January 1929, in Le Petit Vingtième (The Little Twentieth), a youth supplement to the Belgian newspaper Le Vingtième Siècle (The Twentieth Century), The success of the series led to serialised strips published in Belgium's leading newspaper Le Soir (The Evening) and spun into a successful Tintin magazine, In 1950, Hergé created Studios Hergé, which produced the canonical versions of 11 Tintin albums,
The series is set during a largely realistic[3] 20th century, Its hero is Tintin, a courageous young Belgian reporter and adventurer, He is aided by his faithful dog Snowy (Milou in the original French edition), Other protagonists include the brash and cynical Captain Haddock and the intelligent but hearing-impaired Professor Calculus (French: Professeur Tournesol), as well as the incompetent detectives Thomson and Thompson (French: Dupont et Dupond) and the opera diva Bianca Castafiore,
The series has been admired for its clean, expressive drawings in Hergé's signature ligne claire ("clear line") style, [4] Its well-researched[5] plots straddle a variety of genres: swashbuckling adventures with elements of fantasy, action, mysteries, political thrillers, and science fiction, The stories feature slapstick humour, offset by dashes of sophisticated satire and political or cultural commentary,
Contents1 History1, 1 Le Vingtième Siècle: 1929–19391, 2 Le Soir: 1940–19451, 3 Le Journal de Tintin: 1946–19832 Characters2, 1 Tintin and Snowy2, 2 Captain Haddock2, 3 Professor Calculus2, 4 Supporting characters3 Settings4 Research5 Influences6 Translation into English6, 1 British6, 2 American6, 3 Digital6, 4 Lettering and typography7 Reception7, 1 Awards7, 2 Literary criticism7, 3 Controversy8 Adaptations and memorabilia8, 1 Television and radio8, 2 Cinema8, 3 Documentaries8, 4 Theatre8, 5 Video games8, 6 Memorabilia and merchandise8, 7 Stamps and coins8, 8 Parody and pastiche8, 9 Exhibitions9 Legacy10 List of titles11 See also12 References12, 1 Notes12, 2 Citations12, 3 Bibliography13 Further reading14 External linksHistoryLe Vingtième Siècle: 1929–1939"The idea for the character of Tintin and the sort of adventures that would befall him came to me, I believe, in five minutes, the moment I first made a sketch of the figure of this hero: that is to say, he had not haunted my youth nor even my dreams, Although it's possible that as a child I imagined myself in the role of a sort of Tintin, "—Hergé, 15 November 1966, [6]Georges Prosper Remi, best known under the pen name Hergé, was employed as an illustrator at Le Vingtième Siècle (The Twentieth Century), a staunchly Roman Catholic, conservative Belgian newspaper based in Hergé's native Brussels, Run by the Abbé Norbert Wallez, the paper described itself as a "Catholic Newspaper for Doctrine and Information" and disseminated a far-right, fascist viewpoint, [7] Wallez appointed Hergé editor of a new Thursday youth supplement, titled Le Petit Vingtième ("The Little Twentieth"), [8] Propagating Wallez's sociopolitical views to its young readership, it contained explicitly profascist and antisemitic sentiment, [9] In addition to editing the supplement, Hergé illustrated L'extraordinaire aventure de Flup, Nénesse, Poussette et Cochonnet (The Extraordinary Adventures of Flup, Nénesse, Poussette and Cochonnet), [10] a comic strip authored by a member of the newspaper's sport staff, Dissatisfied with this, Hergé wanted to write and draw his own cartoon strip, [11]
He already had experience creating comic strips, From July 1926, he had written a strip about a Boy Scout patrol leader titled Les Aventures de Totor C, P, des Hannetons (The Adventures of Totor, Scout Leader of the Cockchafers) for the Scouting newspaper Le Boy Scout Belge (The Belgian Boy Scout), [11] Totor was a strong influence on Tintin, [12] with Hergé describing the latter as being like Totor's younger brother, [6] Jean-Marc and Randy Lofficier stated that graphically, Totor and Tintin were "virtually identical" except for the Scout uniform, [13] also noting many similarities between their respective adventures, particularly in the illustration style, the fast pace of the story, and the use of humour, [14] He was fascinated by new techniques in the medium such as the systematic use of speech bubbles—found in such American comics as George McManus' Bringing up Father, George Herriman's Krazy Kat, and Rudolph Dirks's Katzenjammer Kids, copies of which had been sent to him from Mexico by the paper's reporter Léon Degrelle, [15]
The front page of the 1 May 1930 edition of Le Petit Vingtième, declaring "Tintin revient!" ("Tintin Returns!") from his adventure in the Soviet Union, [16]Although Hergé wanted to send Tintin to the United States, Wallez ordered him to set his adventure in the Soviet Union, acting as antisocialist propaganda for children, The result, Tintin in the Land of the Soviets, was serialised in Le Petit Vingtième from January 1929 to May 1930, [17] Popular in Francophone Belgium, Wallez organised a publicity stunt at the Paris Gare du Nord railway station, following which he organised the publication of the story in book form, [18] The story's popularity led to an increase in sales, so Wallez granted Hergé two assistants, [19] At Wallez's direction, in June he began serialisation of the second story, Tintin in the Congo, designed to encourage colonial sentiment towards the Belgian Congo, Authored in a paternalistic style that depicted the Congolese as child-like idiots, in later decades it was accused of racism, but at the time was uncontroversial and popular, and further publicity stunts were held to increase sales, [20]
For the third adventure, Tintin in America, serialised from September 1931 to October 1932, Hergé finally got to deal with a scenario of his own choice, and used the work to push an anticapitalist, anticonsumerist agenda in keeping with the paper's ultraconservative ideology, [21] The Adventures of Tintin had been syndicated to a Catholic magazine named Cœurs Vaillants (Brave Hearts) since 1930, and Hergé was soon receiving syndication requests from Swiss and Portuguese newspapers, too, [22]
Hergé went on to pen a string of Adventures of Tintin, sending his character to real locations such as the Belgian Congo, the United States, Egypt, India, Tibet, China, and the United Kingdom, He also sent Tintin to fictional countries of his own devising, such as the Latin American republic of San Theodoros, the East European kingdom of Syldavia, or the fascist state of Borduria—whose leader, Müsstler, was a combination of Nazi German leader Adolf Hitler and Italian Fascist leader Benito Mussolini, [23]
Le Soir: 1940–1945In May 1940, Nazi Germany invaded Belgium as World War II spread further across Europe, Although Hergé briefly fled to France and considered a self-imposed exile, he ultimately decided to return to his occupied homeland, [24] For political reasons, the Nazi authorities closed down Le Vingtième Siècle, leaving Hergé unemployed, [25] In search of employment, he got a job as an illustrator at Belgium's leading newspaper, Le Soir (The Evening), which was allowed to continue publication under German management, [26] On 17 October 1940, he was made editor of the children's supplement, Le Soir Jeunesse, in which he set about producing new Tintin adventures, [27] In this new, more repressive political climate of German-occupied Belgium, Hergé could no longer politicize The Adventures of Tintin lest he be arrested by the Gestapo, As Harry Thompson noted, Tintin's role as a reporter came to an end, to be replaced by his new role as an explorer, [28]
Le Journal de Tintin: 1946–1983In September 1944, the Allies entered Brussels and Hergé's German employers fled, Le Soir was shut down and The Adventures of Tintin was put on hold, [29] Then in 1946, Hergé accepted an invitation from Belgian comic publisher Raymond Leblanc and his new publishing company Le Lombard to continue The Adventures of Tintin in the new Le journal de Tintin (Tintin magazine), [30] Hergé quickly learned that he no longer had the independence he preferred; he was required to produce two coloured pages a week for Leblanc's magazine—a tall order, [31]
In 1950, Hergé began to poach the better members of the Tintin magazine staff to work in the large house on Avenue Louise that contained the fledgling Studios Hergé, [32] Bob De Moor (who imitated Hergé's style and did half the work), [32] Guy Dessicy (colourist), and Marcel DeHaye (secretary) were the nucleus, To this, Hergé added Jacques Martin (imitated Hergé's style), Roger Leloup (detailed, realistic drawings), Eugène Evany (later chief of the Studios), [30] Michel Demaret (letterer), and Baudouin Van Den Branden (secretary), [33] As Harry Thompson observed, the idea was to turn the process of creating The Adventures of Tintin into a "veritable production line, the artwork passing from person to person, everyone knowing their part, like an artistic orchestra with Hergé conducting, "[34] The studios produced eight new Tintin albums for Tintin magazine, and coloured and reformatted two old Tintin albums, Studios Hergé continued to release additional publications until Hergé's death in 1983, In 1986, a 24th unfinished album was released, the studios were disbanded, and the assets were transferred to the Hergé Foundation, [35]
CharactersTintin and SnowyMain articles: Tintin (character) and Snowy (character)Tintin is a young Belgian reporter and adventurer who becomes involved in dangerous cases in which he takes heroic action to save the day, The Adventures may feature Tintin hard at work in his investigative journalism, but seldom is he seen actually turning in a story,
Readers and critics have described Tintin as a well-rounded yet open-ended, intelligent, and creative character, noting that his rather neutral personality—sometimes labelled as bland—permits a balanced reflection of the evil, folly, and foolhardiness, which surrounds him, The character never compromises his Boy Scout ideals, which represent Hergé's own, and his status allows the reader to assume his position within the story, rather than merely following the adventures of a strong protagonist, [36] Tintin's iconic representation enhances this aspect, with Scott McCloud noting that it "allows readers to mask themselves in a character and safely enter a sensually stimulating world, "[37]
Snowy (Milou in Hergé's original version), a white Wire Fox Terrier dog, is Tintin's loyal companion, Like Captain Haddock, he is fond of Loch Lomond brand Scotch whisky, and Snowy's occasional bouts of drinking tend to get him into trouble, as does his only fear: arachnophobia,
Captain HaddockMain article: Captain HaddockCaptain Archibald Haddock (Capitaine Haddock in Hergé's original version) is a Merchant Marine sea captain and Tintin's best friend, Introduced in The Crab with the Golden Claws, Haddock is initially depicted as a weak and alcoholic character, but later evolves to become genuinely heroic and even a socialite after he finds a treasure from his ancestor, Sir Francis Haddock (Chevalier François de Hadoque in the original version), The Captain's coarse humanity and sarcasm act as a counterpoint to Tintin's often-implausible heroism; he is always quick with a dry comment whenever the boy reporter seems too idealistic, The hot-tempered Haddock uses a range of colourful insults and curses to express his feelings, such as "billions of billious blue blistering barnacles" (Mille milliards de mille sabords de tonnerre de Brest in the original version) or "ten thousand thundering typhoons",
Professor CalculusMain article: Professor CalculusProfessor Cuthbert Calculus (Professeur Tryphon Tournesol in Hergé's original version; tournesol is the French word for "sunflower") is an absent-minded and partially deaf physicist and a regular character alongside Tintin, Snowy, and Captain Haddock, He was introduced in Red Rackham's Treasure, and based partially on Auguste Piccard, a Swiss physicist, [38]
Supporting charactersMain article: List of The Adventures of Tintin characters"Everybody wants to be Tintin: generation after generation, In a world of Rastapopouloses, Tricklers and Carreidases—or, more prosaically, Jolyon Waggs and Bolt-the-builders—Tintin represents an unattainable ideal of goodness, cleanness, authenticity, "—Literary critic Tom McCarthy, 2006[39]Hergé's supporting characters have been cited as far more developed than the central character, each imbued with strength of character and depth of personality, which has been compared with that of the characters of Charles Dickens, [40] Hergé used the supporting characters to create a realistic world[3] in which to set his protagonists' adventures, To further the realism and continuity, characters would recur throughout the series, The occupation of Belgium and the restrictions imposed upon Hergé forced him to focus on characterisation to avoid depicting troublesome political situations, As a result, the colourful supporting cast was developed during this period, [41]
Thomson and Thompson (Dupont et Dupond in Hergé's original version) are two incompetent detectives who look like identical twins, their only discernible difference being the shape of their moustaches, [42] First introduced in Cigars of the Pharaoh, they provide much of the comic relief throughout the series, being afflicted with chronic spoonerisms, They are extremely clumsy, thoroughly incompetent, and usually bent on arresting the wrong character, The detectives usually wear bowler hats and carry walking sticks except when sent abroad; during those missions they attempt the national costume of the locality they are visiting, but instead dress in conspicuously stereotypical folkloric attire which makes them stand apart, The detectives were based partly on Hergé's father Alexis and uncle Léon, identical twins who often took walks together, wearing matching bowler hats while carrying matching walking sticks,
Bianca Castafiore is an opera singer of whom Haddock is terrified, She was first introduced in King Ottokar's Sceptre and seems to appear wherever the protagonists travel, along with her maid Irma and pianist Igor Wagner, Although amiable and strong-willed, she is also comically foolish, whimsical, absent-minded, talkative, and seemingly unaware that her voice is shrill and appallingly loud, Her speciality is the Jewel Song (Ah! Je ris de me voir si belle en ce miroir / Ah! My beauty past compare, these jewels bright I wear) from Gounod's opera, Faust, which she sings at the least provocation, much to Haddock's dismay, She is often maternal toward Haddock, of whose dislike she remains ignorant, She often confuses words, especially names, with other words that rhyme with them or of which they remind her; "Haddock" is frequently replaced by malapropisms such as "Paddock", "Stopcock", or "Hopscotch", while Nestor, Haddock's butler, is confused with "Chestor" and "Hector", Her own name means "white and chaste flower": a meaning to which Professor Calculus once refers when he breeds a white rose and names it for the singer, She was based upon opera divas in general (according to Hergé's perception), Hergé's Aunt Ninie (who was known for her "shrill" singing of opera), and, in the post-war comics, on Maria Callas, [43]
Other recurring characters include Nestor the butler, Chang (or Chang-Chong -Chen in full) the loyal Chinese boy, Rastapopoulos the criminal mastermind, Jolyon Wagg the infuriating (to Haddock) insurance salesman, General Alcazar the South American freedom fighter and President of San Theodoros, Mohammed Ben Kalish Ezab the Arab emir, and Abdullah his mischievous son, Dr, Müller the evil German psychiatrist, Oliveira da Figueira the friendly Portuguese salesman, Cutts the butcher whose phone number is repeatedly confused with Haddock's, and Allan the henchman of Rastapopoulos and formerly Haddock's first mate,
SettingsMain article: Settings in The Adventures of TintinThe settings within Tintin have also added depth to the strips, Hergé mixes real and fictional lands into his stories, In King Ottokar's Sceptre (revisited once more in The Calculus Affair) Hergé creates two fictional countries, Syldavia and Borduria, and invites the reader to tour them in text through the insertion of a travel brochure into the storyline, [44] Other fictional lands include Khemed on the Arabian Peninsula and San Theodoros, São Rico, and Nuevo Rico in South America, as well as the kingdom of Gaipajama in India, [45] Apart from these fictitious locations, Tintin also visits real places such as Switzerland, the United Kingdom, the United States, the Soviet Union, Belgian Congo, Peru, India, Egypt, Indonesia, Nepal, Tibet, and China, Other actual locales used were the Sahara Desert, the Atlantic Ocean, and the Moon,
ResearchHergé's extensive research began with The Blue Lotus; Hergé stated, "It was from that time that I undertook research and really interested myself in the people and countries to which I sent Tintin, out of a sense of responsibility to my readers", [46]
Hergé's use of research and photographic reference allowed him to build a realised universe for Tintin, going so far as to create fictionalised countries, dressing them with specific political cultures, These were heavily informed by the cultures evident in Hergé's lifetime, Pierre Skilling has asserted that Hergé saw monarchy as "the legitimate form of government", noting that democratic "values seem underrepresented in [such] a classic Franco-Belgian strip", [47] Syldavia in particular is described in considerable detail, Hergé creating a history, customs, and a language, which is actually a Slavic-looking transcript of Marols, a working-class Brussels dialect, He set the country in the Balkans, and it is, by his own admission, modelled after Albania, [48] The country finds itself threatened by neighbouring Borduria, with an attempted annexation appearing in King Ottokar's Sceptre, This situation parallels the Italian conquest of Albania, and that of Czechoslovakia and Austria by expansionist Nazi Germany prior to World War II, [49]
Hergé's use of research would include months of preparation for Tintin's voyage to the moon in the two-part storyline spread across Destination Moon and Explorers on the Moon, His research for the storyline was noted in New Scientist: "The considerable research undertaken by Hergé enabled him to come very close to the type of space suit that would be used in future Moon exploration, although his portrayal of the type of rocket that was actually used was a long way off the mark", The moon rocket is based on the German V-2 rockets, [50]
InfluencesIn his youth, Hergé admired Benjamin Rabier and suggested that a number of images within Tintin in the Land of the Soviets reflected this influence, particularly the pictures of animals, René Vincent, the Art Deco designer, also affected early Tintin adventures: "His influence can be detected at the beginning of the Soviets, where my drawings are designed along a decorative line, like an 'S', "[51] Hergé also felt no compunction in admitting that he had stolen the image of round noses from George McManus, feeling they were "so much fun that I used them, without scruples!"[52]
During the extensive research Hergé carried out for The Blue Lotus, he became influenced by Chinese and Japanese illustrative styles and woodcuts, This is especially noticeable in the seascapes, which are reminiscent of works by Hokusai and Hiroshige, [53]
Hergé also declared Mark Twain an influence, although this admiration may have led him astray when depicting Incas as having no knowledge of an upcoming solar eclipse in Prisoners of the Sun, an error T, F, Mills attributed to an attempt to portray "Incas in awe of a latter-day 'Connecticut Yankee'", [54]
Translation into EnglishBritishTintin first appeared in English in the weekly British children's comic Eagle in 1951 with the story King Ottokar's Sceptre, [a][55] It was translated in conjunction with Casterman, Tintin's publishers, and st*rts by describing Tintin as "a French boy", Snowy was called by his French name "Milou", [56]
The process of translating Tintin into British English was then commissioned in 1958 by Methuen, Hergé's British publishers, It was a joint operation, headed by Leslie Lonsdale-Cooper and Michael Turner, [57] working closely with Hergé to attain an accurate translation as true as possible to the original work, [58] Due in part to the large amount of language-specific word play (such as punning) in the series, especially the jokes which played on Professor Calculus' partial deafness, it was never the intention to translate literally, instead striving to sculpt a work whose idioms and jokes would be meritorious in their own right, Despite the free hand Hergé afforded the two, they worked closely with the original text, asking for regular assistance to understand Hergé's intentions, [58]
The British translations were also Anglicised to appeal to British customs and values, Milou, for example, was renamed Snowy at the translators' discretion, Captain Haddock's Le château de Moulinsart was renamed Marlinspike Hall, [59]
When it came time to translate The Black Island, which is set in Great Britain, the opportunity was taken to redraw the entire book, Methuen had decided that the book did not portray Great Britain accurately enough, and had compiled a list of 131 errors of detail which should be put right, such as ensuring that the British police were unarmed and ensuring scenes of the British countryside were more accurate for discerning British readers, [58] The resulting album is the dramatically updated and redrawn 1966 version that is the most commonly available today, [60] As of the early 21st century, Egmont publishes Tintin books in the United Kingdom and elsewhere, [61]
AmericanThe Tintin books have had relatively limited popularity in the United States, [62]
The works were first adapted for the American English market by Golden Books, a branch of the Western Publishing Company in the 1950s, The albums were translated from French into American English with some artwork panels blanked except for the speech balloons, This was done to remove content considered to be inappropriate for children, such as drunkenness and free mixing of races, [63] The albums were not popular and only six were published in mixed order, [64] The edited albums later had their blanked areas redrawn by Hergé to be more acceptable, and they currently appear this way in published editions around the world, [64]
From 1966 to 1979, Children's Digest included monthly instalments of The Adventures of Tintin, These serialisations served to increase Tintin's popularity, introducing him to many thousands of new readers in the United States, [b][64]
Atlantic Monthly Press, in cooperation with Little, Brown and Company beginning in the 1970s, republished the albums based on the British translations, Alterations were made to vocabulary not well known to an American audience (such as gaol, tyre, saloon, and spanner), As of the early 21st century, Little, Brown and Company (owned by the Hachette Book Group USA) continues to publish Tintin books in the United States, [65]
DigitalMoulinsart's official Tintin app in Apple's App Store, launched with the release of the digital version of Tintin in the Congo on 5 June 2015, features brand new English language translations by journalist, writer and Tintin expert Michael Farr, [66]
Lettering and typographyThe English-language Adventures of Tintin books were originally published with handwritten lettering created by cartographer Neil Hyslop, [67] 1958's The Crab with the Golden Claws was the first to be published with Hyslop's lettering, Hyslop was given versions of Hergé's artwork with blank panels, [67] Hyslop would write his English script on a clear cellophane-like material, aiming to fit within the original speech bubble, [67] Occasionally the size of the bubbles would need to be adjusted if the translated text would not fit, [67] In the early 2000s, Tintin's English publishers Egmont discontinued publishing books featuring Hyslop's handwritten lettering, instead publishing books with text created with digital fonts, This change was instigated by publisher Casterman and Hergé's estate managers Moulinsart, who decided to replace localised hand-lettering with a single computerised font for all Tintin titles worldwide, [68]
ReceptionAwardsOn 1 June 2006, the Dalai Lama bestowed the International Campaign for Tibet's Light of Truth Award upon the Hergé Foundation, along with South African Archbishop Desmond Tutu, [69] The award was in recognition of Hergé's book Tintin in Tibet, Hergé's most personal adventure, [70] which the Executive Director of ICT Europe Tsering Jampa noted was "for many , , , their introduction to the awe-inspiring landscape and culture of Tibet", [71] In 2001, the Hergé Foundation demanded the recall of the Chinese translation of the work, which had been released with the title Tintin in Chinese Tibet, The work was subsequently published with the correct translation of the title, [72] Accepting on behalf of the Hergé Foundation, Hergé's widow Fanny Rodwell stated, "We never thought that this story of friendship would have a resonance more than 40 years later", [69]
Literary criticismMain article: List of books about TintinThe study of Tintin, sometimes referred to as "Tintinology", has become the life work of some literary critics in Belgium, France and England, [73] Belgian author Philippe Goddin has written Hergé et Tintin reporters: Du Petit Vingtième au Journal Tintin (1986, later republished in English as Hergé and Tintin Reporters: From "Le Petit Vingtième" to "Tintin" Magazine in 1987) and Hergé et les Bigotudos (1993) amongst other books on the series, In 1983, French author Benoît Peeters released Le Monde d'Hergé, subsequently published in English as Tintin and the World of Hergé in 1988, [74] English reporter Michael Farr has written works such as Tintin, 60 Years of Adventure (1989), Tintin: The Complete Companion (2001), [75] Tintin & Co, (2007)[76] and The Adventures of Hergé (2007), [77] while English television producer Harry Thompson authored Tintin: Hergé and his Creation (1991), [78]
Literary critics, primarily in French-speaking Europe, have also examined The Adventures of Tintin, In 1984, Jean-Marie Apostolidès published his study of the Adventures of Tintin from a more "adult" perspective as Les Métamorphoses de Tintin, published in English as The Metamorphoses of Tintin, or Tintin for Adults in 2010, [79] In reviewing Apostolidès' book, Nathan Perl-Rosenthal of The New Republic thought that it was "not for the faint of heart: it is densely-packed with close textual analysis and laden with psychological jargon, "[80] Following Apostolidès's work, French psychoanalyst Serge Tisseron examined the series in his books Tintin et les Secrets de Famille ("Tintin and the Family Secrets"), which was published in 1990, [81] and Tintin et le Secret d'Hergé ("Tintin and Hergé's Secret"), published in 1993, [82]
The first English-language work of literary criticism devoted to the series was Tintin and the Secret of Literature, written by the novelist Tom McCarthy and published in 2006, McCarthy compares Hergé's work with that of Aeschylus, Honoré de Balzac, Joseph Conrad, and Henry James and argues that the series contains the key to understanding literature itself, [83] McCarthy considered the Adventures of Tintin to be "stupendously rich", [84] containing "a mastery of plot and symbol, theme and sub-text"[85] which, influenced by Tisseron's psychoanalytical readings of the work, he believed could be deciphered to reveal a series of recurring themes, ranging from bartering[86] to implicit sexual intercourse[87] that Hergé had featured throughout the series, Reviewing the book in The Telegraph, Toby Clements argued that McCarthy's work, and literary criticism of Hergé's comic strips in general, cut "perilously close" to simply feeding "the appetite of those willing to cross the line between enthusiast and obsessive" in the Tintinological community, [88]
Controversy
The early Adventures of Tintin naïvely depicted controversial images, which Hergé later described as "a transgression of my youth, " In 1975, he substituted this sequence with one in which the rhino accidentally discharges Tintin's rifle, [89]
The character of Mr, Bohlwinkel has been criticised as a Jewish stereotype, The earliest stories in The Adventures of Tintin have been criticised[90] for displaying racial stereotypes, animal cruelty, colonialism, violence, and even fascist leanings, including ethnocentric, caricatured portrayals of non-Europeans, [91] While the Hergé Foundation has presented such criticism as naïveté and scholars of Hergé such as Harry Thompson have said that "Hergé did what he was told by the Abbé Wallez", [92] Hergé himself felt that his background made it impossible to avoid prejudice, stating, "I was fed the prejudices of the bourgeois society that surrounded me, "[52]
In Tintin in the Land of the Soviets, the Bolsheviks were presented as villains, Hergé drew on Moscow Unveiled, a work given to him by Wallez and authored by Joseph Douillet, the former Belgian consul in Russia, that is highly critical of the Soviet regime, although Hergé contextualised this by noting that in Belgium, at the time a devout Catholic nation, "Anything Bolshevik was atheist", [52] In the story, Bolshevik leaders are motivated by personal greed and a desire to deceive the world, Tintin discovers, buried, "the hideout where Lenin, Trotsky, and Stalin have collected together wealth stolen from the people", By 1999, even while Tintin's politics was the subject of a debate in the French parliament, [93] part of this presentation was noted as far more reasonable, with British weekly newspaper The Economist declaring, "In retrospect, however, the land of hunger and tyranny painted by Hergé was uncannily accurate", [94]
Tintin in the Congo has been criticised as presenting the Africans as naïve and primitive, [95] In the original work, Tintin is shown at a blackboard addressing a class of African children, "My dear friends, " he says, "I am going to talk to you today about your fatherland: Belgium, "[c] Hergé redrew this in 1946 to show a lesson in mathematics, [96] Hergé later admitted the flaws in the original story, excusing it saying, "I portrayed these Africans according to , , , this purely paternalistic spirit of the time, "[52] Sue Buswell, who was the editor of Tintin at Methuen, summarised the perceived problems with the book in 1988[97] as "all to do with rubbery lips and heaps of dead animals", [d] although Thompson noted her quote may have been "taken out of context", [98]
Drawing on André Maurois' Les Silences du colonel Bramble, Hergé presents Tintin as a big-game hunter, accidentally killing fifteen antelope as opposed to the one needed for the evening meal, However, concerns over the number of dead animals led Tintin's Scandinavian publishers to request changes, A page of Tintin killing a rhinoceros by drilling a hole in its back and inserting a stick of dynamite was deemed excessive; Hergé replaced the page with one in which the rhino accidentally discharges Tintin's rifle while he sleeps under a tree, [89] In 2007, the UK's Commission for Racial Equality called for the book to be pulled from shelves after a complaint, stating, "It beggars belief that in this day and age that any shop would think it acceptable to sell and display Tintin in the Congo, "[99] In August 2007, a Congolese student filed a complaint in Brussels that the book was an insult to the Congolese people, Public prosecutors investigated, and a criminal case was initiated, although the matter was transferred to a civil court, [100] Belgium's Centre for Equal Opportunities warned against "over-reaction and hyper political correctness", [101]
Hergé altered some of the early albums in subsequent editions, usually at the demand of publishers, For example, at the instigation of his American publishers, many of the African characters in Tintin in America were re-coloured to make their race Caucasian or ambiguous, [102] The Shooting st*r originally had an American villain with the Jewish surname of "Blumenstein", [103] This proved controversial, as the character exhibited exaggerated, stereotypically Jewish characteristics, "Blumenstein" was changed to an American with a less ethnically specific name, Mr, Bohlwinkel, in later editions and subsequently to a South American of a fictional country—São Rico, Hergé later discovered that 'Bohlwinkel' was also a Jewish name, [49] In recent years, even Tintin's politics of peace have been investigated, [104]
Adaptations and memorabiliaMain article: Tintin books, films, and mediaThe Adventures of Tintin has been adapted in a variety of media besides the original comic strip and its collections, Hergé encouraged adaptations and members of his studio working on the animated films, After Hergé's death in 1983, the Hergé Foundation and Moulinsart, the foundation's commercial and copyright wing, became responsible for authorising adaptations and exhibitions, [105]
Television and radioTwo animated television adaptations and one radio adaptation have been made,
Hergé's Adventures of Tintin (Les aventures de Tintin d'après Hergé) (1957) was the first production of Belvision Studios, [106] Ten of Hergé's books were adapted, each serialised into a set of five-minute episodes, with 103 episodes produced, [e] The series was directed by Ray Goossens and written by Belgian comic artist Greg, later editor-in-chief of Tintin magazine, and produced by Raymond Leblanc, [f] Most stories in the series varied widely from the original books, often changing whole plots, [106]
The Adventures of Tintin (Les aventures de Tintin) (1991–92) was the more successful Tintin television series, An adaptation of twenty-one Tintin books, [g][107] it was directed by Stéphane Bernasconi and was produced by Ellipse (France) and Nelvana (Canada) on behalf of the Hergé Foundation, The series adhered closely to the albums to such an extent that panels from the original were often transposed directly to the screen, [107] The series aired in over fifty countries and was released on DVD, It aired in the US on HBO, [108]
The Adventures of Tintin (1992–93) radio series was produced by BBC Radio 4, The dramas st*rred Richard Pearce as Tintin and Andrew Sachs as Snowy, Captain Haddock was played by Leo McKern in Series One and Lionel Jeffries in Series Two, Professor Calculus was played by Stephen Moore and Thomson and Thompson were played by Charles Kay, [109]
The Adventures of Tintin were also released as radio dramas on LP and compact cassette recordings in French language versions in Belgium, France and Canada, German language versions in Germany, Swedish language versions in Sweden, Danish language versions in Denmark and Norwegian language versions in Norway, [110]
CinemaFive feature-length Tintin films were made before Hergé's death in 1983 and one more in 2011,
The Crab with the Golden Claws (Le crabe aux pinces d'or) (1947) was the first successful attempt to adapt one of the comics into a feature film, Written and directed by Claude Misonne and João B Michiels, the film was a stop-motion puppet production created by a small Belgian studio, [111]
Tintin and the Golden Fleece (Tintin et le mystère de la Toison d'Or) (1961), the first live action Tintin film, was adapted not from one of Hergé's Adventures of Tintin but instead from an original script written by André Barret and Rémo Forlani, [112] Directed by Jean-Jacques Vierne and st*rring Jean-Pierre Talbot as Tintin and Georges Wilson as Haddock, the plot involves Tintin travelling to Istanbul to collect the Golden Fleece, a ship left to Haddock in the will of his friend, Themistocle Paparanic, Whilst in the city however, Tintin and Haddock discover that a group of villains also want possession of the ship, believing that it would lead them to a hidden treasure, [112]
Tintin and the Blue Oranges (Tintin et les oranges bleues) (1964), the second live action Tintin film, was released due to the success of the first, Again based upon an original script, once more by André Barret, it was directed by Philippe Condroyer and st*rred Talbot as Tintin and Jean Bouise as Haddock, [113] The plot reveals a new invention, the blue orange, that can grow in the desert and solve world famines, devised by Calculus' friend, the Spanish Professor Zalamea, An emir whose interests are threatened by the invention of the blue orange proceeds to kidnap both Zalamea and Calculus, and Tintin and Haddock travel to Spain in order to rescue them, [113]
Tintin and the Temple of the Sun (Tintin et le temple du soleil) (1969), the first traditional animation Tintin film, was adapted from two of Hergé's Adventures of Tintin: The Seven Crystal Balls and Prisoners of the Sun, The first full-length, animated film from Raymond Leblanc's Belvision, which had recently completed its television series based upon the Tintin stories; it was directed by Eddie Lateste and featured a musical score by the critically acclaimed composer François Rauber, The adaptation is mostly faithful, although the Seven Crystal Balls portion of the story was heavily condensed, [113]
Tintin and the Lake of Sharks (Tintin et le lac aux requins) (1972), the second traditional animation Tintin film and the last Tintin release for nearly 40 years, it was based on an original script by Greg and directed by Raymond Leblanc, [114] Belvision's second feature takes Tintin to Syldavia to outwit his old foe Rastapopoulos, While the look of the film is richer, the story is less convincing, [115] The movie was subsequently adapted into a comic album made up of stills from the film, [116]
The Adventures of Tintin: The Secret of the Unicorn (2011) was Steven Spielberg's motion capture 3D film based on three Hergé albums: The Crab with the Golden Claws (1941), The Secret of the Unicorn (1943), and Red Rackham's Treasure (1944), [117] Peter Jackson's company Weta Digital provided the animation and special effects, The movie received positive reviews and was a box office success,
DocumentariesI, Tintin (Moi, Tintin) (1976) was produced by Belvision Studios and Pierre Film, [118]
Tintin and I (Tintin et moi) (2003), a documentary film directed by Anders Høgsbro Østergaard and co-produced by companies from Denmark, Belgium, France, and Switzerland, was based on a taped interview with Hergé by Numa Sadoul from 1971, Although the interview was published as a book, Hergé was allowed to edit the work prior to publishing and much of the interview was excised, [119] Years after Hergé's death, the filmmaker returned to the original tapes and restored Hergé's often personal, insightful thoughts—and in the process brought viewers closer to the world of Tintin and Hergé, [118] It was broadcast in the United States on the PBS network on 11 July 2006, [120]
Sur les traces de Tintin (On the trail of Tintin) (2010) was a five-part documentary television series which recaps several albums of the book series by combining comic panels (motionless or otherwise) with live-action imagery, with commentary provided,
Tintin and the Black Island at the Arts Theatre in the West End of London, by the Unicorn Theatre Company, in 1980–81[121]TheatreHergé himself helped to create two stage plays, collaborating with humourist Jacques Van Melkebeke, Tintin in the Indies: The Mystery of the Blue Diamond (1941) covers much of the second half of Cigars of the Pharaoh as Tintin attempts to rescue a stolen blue diamond, Mr, Boullock's Disappearance (1941–1942) has Tintin, Snowy, and Thomson and Thompson travel around the world and back to Brussels again to unmask an impostor trying to lay claim to a missing millionaire's fortune, The plays were performed at the Théâtre Royal des Galeries in Brussels, The scripts of the plays are unfortunately lost, [122]
In the late 1970s and early 1980s, two Tintin plays were produced at the Arts Theatre in the West End of London, adapted by Geoffrey Case for the Unicorn Theatre Company, These were Tintin's Great American Adventure, based on the comic Tintin in America (1976–1977) and Tintin and the Black Island, based on The Black Island (1980–81); this second play later toured, [h][121]
A musical based on The Seven Crystal Balls and Prisoners of the Sun premièred on 15 September 2001 at the Stadsschouwburg (City Theatre) in Antwerp, Belgium, It was entitled Kuifje – De Zonnetempel (De Musical) ("Tintin – Temple of the Sun (The Musical)") and was broadcast on Canal Plus, before moving on to Charleroi in 2002 as Tintin – Le Temple du Soleil – Le Spectacle Musical, [123]
The Young Vic theatre company in London ran Hergé's Adventures of Tintin, a musical version of Tintin in Tibet, at the Barbican Arts Centre (2005–2006); the production was directed by Rufus Norris and was adapted by Norris and David Greig, [124] The show was successfully revived at the Playhouse Theatre in the West End of London before touring (2006–2007)[125] to celebrate the centenary of Hergé's birth in 2007, [1]
Video gamesTintin began appearing in video games when Infogrames Entertainment, SA, a French game company, released the side scroller Tintin on the Moon in 1989, [126] The same company released a platformer video game titled Tintin in Tibet in 1995 for the Super NES and Mega Drive/Genesis, [127] Another platformer from Infogrames titled Prisoners of the Sun was released the following year for the Super NES, PC, and Game Boy Color, [128] As computer graphics technology improved, video game experiences improved, In 2001, Tintin became 3D in a game called Tintin: Destination Adventure, released by Infogrames for the PC and PlayStation, [129] Then in 2011, an action-adventure video game called The Adventures of Tintin: The Secret of the Unicorn, a tie-in to the 2011 movie, was released by Ubisoft in October 2011, [130]
The Tintin Shop in Covent Garden[131]Memorabilia and merchandiseImages from the series have long been licensed for use on merchandise, the success of Tintin magazine helping to create a market for such items, Tintin's image has been used to sell a wide variety of products, from alarm clocks to underpants, Countless separate items related to the character have been available, with some becoming collectors' items in their own right, [132]
The Hergé Foundation has maintained control of the licenses, through Moulinsart, the commercial wing of the foundation, Speaking in 2002, Peter Horemans, the then director general at Moulinsart, noted this control: "We have to be very protective of the property, We don't take lightly any potential partners and we have to be very selective , , , for him to continue to be as popular as he is, great care needs to be taken of his use, "[133] However, the Foundation has been criticised by scholars as "trivialising the work of Hergé by concentrating on the more lucrative merchandising" in the wake of a move in the late 1990s to charge them for using relevant images to illustrate their papers on the series, [134]
Tintin memorabilia and merchandise has allowed a chain of stores based solely on the character to become viable, The first shop was launched in 1984 in Covent Garden, London, [131] Tintin shops have also opened in both Bruges and Brussels in Belgium, and in Montpellier, France, In 2014, a Tintin shop opened in Taguig, the Philippines, only the second of its kind in Southeast Asia, The first Tintin shop in Southeast Asia opened in Singapore in 2010, [135] The British bookstore chain, Ottakar's, founded in 1987, was named after the character of King Ottokar from the Tintin book King Ottokar's Sceptre, and their shops stocked a large amount of Tintin merchandise until their takeover by Waterstone's in 2006, [136]
Stamps and coinsMain articles: Tintin postage stamps and Tintin coins
Belgian Post's series of postage stamps "Tintin on screen" issued 30 August 2011 featuring a chronological review of Tintin film adaptations made through years, [137]Tintin's image has been used on postage stamps on numerous occasions, The first Tintin postage stamp was an eight-franc stamp issued by Belgian Post for the 50th anniversary of the publication of Tintin's first adventure on 29 September 1979, featuring Tintin and Snowy looking through a magnifying glass at several stamps, [138] In 1999, a nine-stamp block celebrating ten years of the Belgian Comic Strip Center was issued, with the center stamp a photo of Tintin's famous moon rocket that dominates the Comic Strip Center's entry hall, [137] To mark the end of the Belgian Franc and to celebrate the seventieth anniversary of the publication of Tintin in the Congo, two more stamps were issued by Belgian Post on 31 December 2001: Tintin in a pith helmet and a souvenir sheet with a single stamp in the center, The stamps were jointly issued in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, [137] In 2004, Belgian Post celebrated its own seventy-fifth anniversary, as well as the fiftieth anniversary of the publication of Explorers on the Moon, and the thirty-fifth anniversary of the moon landings with a souvenir sheet of five stamps based upon the Explorers on the Moon adventure, [139] To celebrate the centenary of Hergé's birth in 2007, [1] Belgian Post issued a sheet of 25 stamps depicting the album covers of all 24 Adventures of Tintin (in 24 languages) plus Hergé's portrait in the center, [137] A souvenir sheet of ten stamps called "Tintin on screen", issued 30 August 2011, depicts the Tintin film and television adaptations, [i][137]
Tintin has also been commemorated by coin several times, In 1995, the Monnaie de Paris (Paris Mint) issued a set of twelve gold medallions, available in a limited edition of 5000, [140] A silver medallion was minted in 2004 to commemorate the 50th anniversary of the Tintin book Explorers on the Moon, again in a limited run, this time of 10, 000, It quickly sold out, [141] In 2004, Belgium minted a limited edition commemorative euro coin featuring Tintin and Snowy celebrating the 75th anniversary of Tintin's first adventure in January 2004, [142] Although it has a face value of €10, it is, as with other commemorative euro coins, legal tender only in the country in which it was issued—in this case, Belgium, [142] In 2006–2012 France issued the Comic Strip Heroes commemorative coin series featuring famous Franco-Belgian comics, beginning in 2006 with Tintin, [143] It was a set of six different euro coins honouring Hergé: three 1½-euro silver coins featuring Tintin and the Professor, Tintin and Captain Haddock, and Tintin and Chang; a €10 (gold) featuring Tintin; and a €20 (silver) and a €50 (gold) featuring Tintin and Snowy, [143] In 2007, on Hergé's centenary, Belgium issued its €20 (silver) Hergé/Tintin coin, [144]
Parody and pasticheMain article: List of Tintin parodies and pastiches
A frame from Breaking Free, a revolutionary socialist comic that parodies the Adventures of Tintin[145]During Hergé's lifetime, parodies were produced of the Adventures of Tintin, with one of the earliest appearing in Belgian newspaper La Patrie after the liberation of the country from Nazi German occupation in September 1944, Entitled Tintin au pays de nazis ("Tintin in the Land of the Nazis"), the short and crudely drawn strip lampoons Hergé for working for a Nazi-run newspaper during the occupation, [146]
Following Hergé's death, hundreds more unofficial parodies and pastiches of the Adventures of Tintin were produced, covering a wide variety of different genres, [145] Tom McCarthy divided such works into three specific groupings: pornographic, political, and artistic, [147] In a number of cases, the actual name "Tintin" is replaced by something similar, like Nitnit, Timtim, or Quinquin, within these books, [145]
McCarthy's first group, pornographic parodies, includes 1976's Tintin en Suisse ("Tintin in Switzerland") and Jan Bucquoy's 1992 work La Vie Sexuelle de Tintin ("Tintin's Sex Life"), featuring Tintin and the other characters engaged in sexual acts, [148] Another such example was Tintin in Thailand, in which Tintin, Haddock, and Calculus travel to the East Asian country for a sex holiday, The book began circulating in December 1999, but in 2001, Belgian police arrested those responsible and confiscated 650 copies for copyright violation, [149]
Other parodies have been produced for political reasons: for instance, Tintin in Iraq lampoons the world politics of the early 21st century, with Hergé's character General Alcazar representing President of the United States George W, Bush, [145] Written by the pseudonymous Jack Daniels, Breaking Free (1989) is a revolutionary socialist comic set in Britain during the 1980s, with Tintin and his uncle (modelled after Captain Haddock) being working class Englishmen who turn to socialism in order to oppose the capitalist policies of the Conservative Party government of Margaret Thatcher, When first published in Britain, it caused an outrage in the mainstream press, with one paper issuing the headline that "Commie nutters turn Tintin into picket yob!"[145]
Other comic creators have chosen to create artistic stories that are more like fan fiction than parody, The Swiss artist Exem created the irreverent comic adventures of Zinzin, what The Guardian calls "the most beautifully produced of the pastiches, "[145] Similarly, Canadian cartoonist Yves Rodier has produced a number of Tintin works, none of which have been authorised by the Hergé Foundation, including a 1986 "completion" of the unfinished Tintin and Alph-art, which he drew in Hergé's ligne claire style, [145]
The response to these parodies has been mixed in the Tintinological community, Many despise them, seeing them as an affront to Hergé's work, [145] Nick Rodwell of the Hergé Foundation took this view, declaring that "None of these copyists count as true fans of Hergé, If they were, they would respect his wishes that no one but him draw Tintin's adventures, "[145] Where possible, the foundation has taken legal action against those known to be producing such items, Others have taken a different attitude, considering such parodies and pastiches to be tributes to Hergé, and collecting them has become a "niche specialty", [145]
Hergé art exhibition at the Centre Georges Pompidou modern art museum in Paris, commemorating the centenary of Hergé's birth in 2007[150]ExhibitionsAfter Hergé's death in 1983, his art began to be honoured at exhibitions around the world, keeping Tintin awareness at a high level, The first major Tintin exhibition in London was Tintin: 60 years of Adventure, held in 1989 at the Town Hall in Chelsea, This early exhibition displayed many of Hergé's original sketches and inks, as well as some original gouaches, [151] In 2001, an exhibition entitled Mille Sabords! ("Billions of Blistering Barnacles!") was shown at the National Navy Museum (Musée national de la Marine) in Paris, [152] In 2002, the Bunkamura Museum of Art in Tokyo staged an exhibition of original Hergé drawings as well as of the submarine and rocket ship invented in the strips by Professor Calculus, [153] The National Maritime Museum in Greenwich, London, hosted the exhibition The Adventures of Tintin at Sea in 2004, focusing on Tintin's sea exploits, and in commemoration of the 75th anniversary of the publication of Tintin's first adventure, [154] 2004 also saw an exhibition in Halles Saint Géry in Brussels titled Tintin et la ville ("Tintin and the City") showcasing all cities in the world Tintin had travelled, [155]
The Belgian Comic Strip Center in the Brussels business district added exhibits dedicated to Hergé in 2004, [156] The Brussels' Comic Book Route in the center of Brussels added its first Tintin mural in July 2005, [157]
The centenary of Hergé's birth in 2007[1] was commemorated at the largest museum for modern art in Europe, the Centre Georges Pompidou in Paris, with Hergé, an art exhibition honouring his work, The exhibition, which ran from 20 December 2006 until 19 February 2007, featured some 300 of Hergé's boards and original drawings, including all 124 original plates of The Blue Lotus, [150] Laurent le Bon, organiser of the exhibit said, "It was important for the Centre to show the work of Hergé next to that of Matisse or Picasso, "[158] Michael Farr said, "Hergé has long been seen as a father figure in the comics world, If he's now recognised as a modern artist, that's very important, "[159]
2009 saw the opening of the Hergé Museum (Musée Hergé), designed in contemporary style, in the town of Louvain-la-Neuve, south of Brussels, [160] Visitors follow a sequence of eight permanent exhibit rooms covering the entire range of Hergé's work, showcasing the world of Tintin and his other creations, [161] In addition, the new museum has already seen many temporary exhibits, including Into Tibet With Tintin, [162]
Legacy
The Hergé Museum, located in the town of Louvain-la-Neuve, south of Brussels, opened in June 2009, honouring the work of Hergé, [163]Hergé is recognised as one of the leading cartoonists of the twentieth century, [164] Most notably, Hergé's ligne claire style has been influential to creators of other Franco-Belgian comics, Contributors to Tintin magazine have employed ligne claire, and later artists Jacques Tardi, Yves Chaland, Jason Little, Phil Elliott, Martin Handford, Geof Darrow, Eric Heuvel, Garen Ewing, Joost Swarte, and others have produced works using it, [165]
In the wider art world, both Andy Warhol and Roy Lichtenstein have claimed Hergé as one of their most important influences, [166] Lichtenstein made paintings based on fragments from Tintin comics, whilst Warhol used ligne claire and even made a series of paintings with Hergé as the subject, Warhol, who admired Tintin's "great political and satirical dimensions", [166] said, "Hergé has influenced my work in the same way as Walt Disney, For me, Hergé was more than a comic strip artist", [167]
Hergé has been lauded as "creating in art a powerful graphic record of the 20th century's tortured history" through his work on Tintin, [120] whilst Maurice Horn's World Encyclopedia of Comics declares him to have "spear-headed the post-World War II renaissance of European comic art", [168] French philosopher Michel Serres noted that the twenty-three completed Tintin albums constituted a "chef-d'oeuvre" ("masterpiece") to which "the work of no French novelist is comparable in importance or greatness", [169]
In 1966, Charles de Gaulle said, "In the end, you know, my only international rival is Tintin! We are the small ones, who do not let themselves be had by the great ones, "[170][j]
In March 2015, Brussels Airlines painted an Airbus A320-200 with registration OO-SNB in a special Tintin livery, [171]
Tintin has become a symbol of Belgium and so was used in a variety of visual responses to the 2016 Brussels bombings, [172]
List of titlesFollowing are the twenty-four canonical Tintin comic albums, with their English titles, Publication dates are for the original French-language versions,
Tintin comic albumsAlbum Number Title Serialisation Album (B&W) Album (colour) Notes1 Tintin in the Land of the Soviets 1929–1930 1930 2017 Hergé prevented this book's republication until 1973, It became available in a coloured edition in 2017, 2 Tintin in the Congo 1930–1931 1931 1946 Re-published in colour and in a fixed 62-page format, Book 10 was the first to be originally published in colour, 3 Tintin in America 1931–1932 1932 19454 Cigars of the Pharaoh 1932–1934 1934 19555 The Blue Lotus 1934–1935 1936 19466 The Broken Ear 1935–1937 1937 19437 The Black Island 1937–1938 1938 1943, 19668 King Ottokar's Sceptre 1938–1939 1939 19479 The Crab with the Golden Claws 1940–1941 1941 194310 The Shooting st*r 1941–1942 194211 The Secret of the Unicorn 1942–1943 1943 Books 11 to 15 set a middle period for Hergé marked by war and changing collaborators, 12 Red Rackham's Treasure 1943 194413 The Seven Crystal Balls 1943–1946 194814 Prisoners of the Sun 1946–1948 194915 Land of Black Gold 1948–1950 1950, 197116 Destination Moon 1950–1952 1953 Books 16 to 23 (and revised editions of books 4, 7 & 15) are creations of Studios Hergé, 17 Explorers on the Moon 1952–1953 195418 The Calculus Affair 1954–1956 195619 The Red Sea Sharks 1956–1958 195820 Tintin in Tibet 1958–1959 196021 The Castafiore Emerald 1961–1962 196322 Flight 714 to Sydney 1966–1967 196823 Tintin and the Picaros 1975–1976 197624 Tintin and Alph-Art 1986 2004 Hergé's unfinished book, published posthumously, The following are double albums with a continuing story arc:
Cigars of the Pharaoh (no, 4) & The Blue Lotus (no, 5)The Secret of the Unicorn (no, 11) & Red Rackham's Treasure (no, 12)The Seven Crystal Balls (no, 13) & Prisoners of the Sun (no, 14)Destination Moon (no, 16) & Explorers on the Moon (no, 17)Hergé attempted and then abandoned Le Thermozéro (1958), Outside the Tintin series, a 48-page comic album supervised (but not written) by Hergé, Tintin and the Lake of Sharks, was released in 1972; it was based on the film Tintin et le lac aux requins,
See alsoThe Adventures of Jo, Zette and Jocko, another series by HergéList of Tintin home video releasesList of Tintin mediaReferencesNotes Tintin first appeared in Eagle Vol 2:17 (3 August), which ran in weekly parts in the lower half of the centerfold, beneath the cutaway drawings, until Vol 3:4 (2 May 1952), At that time, Children's Digest had a circulation of around 700, 000 copies monthly, "Mes chers amis, je vais vous parler aujourd'hui de votre patrie: La Belgique, " "Dead animals" refers to the fashion for big-game hunting at the time of the work's original publication, Two series were created, Series 1: Two books, twelve episodes, were adapted in black and white as a test of the studio's abilities; these were actually faithful to the original albums, Series 2: Eight books, 91 episodes, were adapted in colour; these were often unfaithful to the original albums, The animation quality of the series was very limited, [106] Belvision had just been launched by Raymond Leblanc, who had created Tintin magazine a decade earlier, The series ran for three seasons, 13 episodes each season; the 21 stories usually presented in two-part segments, Geoffrey Case (adapted), Tony Wredden (directed): Tintin's Great American Adventure, Arts Theatre, London, 18 December 1976 to 20 February 1977, Unicorn Theatre Company, Tintin and the Black Island, Arts Theatre, London, 1980–81, Unicorn Theatre Company, "Tintin on screen" depicts both Tintin television programs and four of the five Tintin film adaptations (Lake of Sharks was omitted), "Au fond, vous savez, mon seul rival international c'est Tintin! Nous sommes les petits qui ne se laissent pas avoir par les grands, " Spoken by Charles de Gaulle, according to his Minister for Cultural Affairs André Malraux, De Gaulle had just banned all NATO aircraft bases from France; "the great ones" referred to USA and USSR, De Gaulle then added, "On ne s'en apperçoit pas, à cause de ma taille, " ("Only nobody notices the likeness because of my size, ")[170]Citations Pollard 2007; Bostock & Brennan 2007; The Age 24 May 2006; Junkers 2007, Farr 2007a, p, 4, Thompson 1991, p, 207–208, Screech 2005, p, 27; Miller 2007, p, 18; Clements 2006; Wagner 2006; Lichfield 2006; Macintyre 2006; Gravett 2008, Thompson 2003; Gravett 2005; Mills 1983, Assouline 2009, p, 19, Thompson 1991, p, 24; Peeters 2012, pp, 20–29, Thompson 1991, pp, 24–25; Peeters 2012, pp, 31–32, Assouline 2009, p, 38, Goddin 2008, p, 44, Farr 2001, p, 12, Farr 2001, p, 12; Thompson 1991, p, 25; Assouline 2009, Thompson 1991, p, 29, Lofficier & Lofficier 2002, p, 19, Assouline 2009, p, 17; 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The Times 4 August 2009, Owens 10 July 2004, Farr 2001, p, 106, Farr 2001, p, 72, Egmont Group 2013, BBC News 9 January 2009, Thompson 1991, p, 103; A personal website (Netherlands) 2006, Owens 1 October 2004, Hachette Book Group 2013, The Adventures of Tintin go digital – Tintin in the Congo in English Chris Owens (10 July 2004), "Interview with Michael Turner and Leslie Lonsdale-Cooper", Tintinologist, Retrieved 29 November 2014, Kim Adrian (22 October 2012), "Casterman Makes Tragic Changes to Tintin: Hyslop's Handlettering vs, "Pretty" Computer Font", Retrieved 29 November 2014, BBC News 2 June 2006, Farr 2001, p, 162, Int'l Campaign for Tibet 17 May 2006, BBC News 22 May 2002, Wagner 2006, Peeters 1989, Farr 2001, Farr 2007, Farr 2007a, Thompson 1991, Apostolidès 2010, Perl-Rosenthal 2010, Tisseron 1990, Tisseron 1993, McCarthy 2006, p, 10, McCarthy 2006, p, 8, McCarthy 2006, p, 32, McCarthy 2006, pp, 13–14, McCarthy 2006, pp, 106–109, Clements 2006, Thompson 1991, pp, 38, 49; Farr 2001, p, 22, BBC News 28 April 2010; Beckford 2007, Farr 2001, p, 22, Thompson 1991, p, 40, BBC News 4 February 1999, The Economist 28 January 1999, BBC News 17 July 2007, Cendrowicz 2010; Farr 2001, p, 25, Buswell 1988, Thompson 1991, p, 44, Beckford 2007; BBC News 12 July 2007, Samuel 2011; BBC News 13 February 2012, Vrielink 2012, Mills 1996, Eschner 2017, Rösch 2014, Thompson 1991, p, 289; Tintin, com Moulinsart 2010, Lofficier & Lofficier 2002, pp, 143–144, Lofficier & Lofficier 2002, p, 148, Baltimore Sun 16 November 1991, says, Brooke L, A, "Mille sabords tintin games", Retrieved 29 May 2020, says, Brooke L, A, "Mille sabords tintin games", Retrieved 29 May 2020, Lofficier & Lofficier 2002, p, 143, Lofficier & Lofficier 2002, pp, 144–145, Lofficier & Lofficier 2002, pp, 145–146, Da, 2003, Lofficier & Lofficier 2002, p, 147, Da, 2003; Lofficier & Lofficier 2002, p, 147, Mulard 2012, Lofficier & Lofficier 2002, p, 150, Christensen 2003, PBS July 2006, Hodgson 2008; RLF: Current Fellows 2008; Cadambi Website: Plays & Musicals 2006, Sadoul 1975, p, 143; Thompson 1991, pp, 132–133, 142; Lofficier & Lofficier 2002, pp, 148–149, Le Devoir 14 December 2007; HLN, be 13 December 2007; Wainman 2006; Cadambi Website: Plays & Musicals 2006, Billington 2005; YoungVic, org 2005; Barbican 2005; Cadambi Website: Plays & Musicals 2006, Smurthwaite 2007; SoniaFriedman, com 2007, MobyGames, com 1989; Sinclair Infoseek 1989, MobyGames, com 1995, MobyGames, com 1996, MobyGames, com 2001, MobyGames, com 2011, Pignal 2010, Conrad 2004, DITT 2002, Bright 1999, "Tintin Shop Singapore", SGnow, Asia City Online Ltd, 22 September 2014, Retrieved 18 July 2017, Irish Times 9 January 1999, Ahl 2011; TintinMilou, free, fr 2011, PostBeeld 2010; Ahl 2011; TintinMilou, free, fr 2011; Kenneally 1991, White 2007; Ahl 2011; TintinMilou, free, fr 2011, Chard 1995; OmniCoin 2009, Tintinesque, com 2004, BBC News 8 January 2004, Numista 2006; Coin Database 2006, Coin Talk 2007; NumisCollect 2007, Coxhead 2007, McCarthy 2006, pp, 186–187; Thompson 1991, p, 168, McCarthy 2006, p, 186; BBC News 14 February 2001, Coxhead 2007; McCarthy 2006, p, 186; Perrotte & Van Gong 2006, BBC News 14 February 2001, Le Figaro 20 December 2006; Der Spiegel 20 December 2006; Chiha 2007; Radio Télévision Suisse 28 June 2010; CentrePompidou, fr 2006; Wainman 2007, Owens 25 February 2004; Cadambi Website: Exhibitions 2006, BDzoom, com 2001; Tintin, com 21 March 2001; Sipa 3 January 2001; Cadambi Website: Exhibitions 2006, Tintin, com 16 March 2002, BBC News 29 March 2004; Kennedy 2003; RMG, co, uk 13 November 2003; Horeau 2004; Cadambi Website: Exhibitions 2006, Soumous 2004; Cadambi Website: Exhibitions 2006, The Independent 15 October 2011; Kenneally 1991, City of Brussels Comic Book Route; de Koning Gans Website 2005, designboom 2006, Junkers 2007; TwoCircles 21 May 2007; Highbeam 21 May 2007, The Economist 28 May 2009; Contimporist 3 June 2009; Tintin, com Musée Hergé 2009, Tintin, com Musée Hergé 2009, Musée Hergé May 2012, The Economist 28 May 2009; Contimporist 3 June 2009, Radio Télévision Suisse 28 June 2010, Armitstead & Sprenger 2011, Thompson 1991, p, 280, BBC News10 January 1999, Horn 1983, Adair 1993, Charles-de-Gaulle, org 1958; 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Apostolidès, Jean-Marie (2010) [2006], The Metamorphoses of Tintin, or Tintin for Adults, Jocelyn Hoy (translator), Stanford: Stanford University Press, ISBN 978-0-8047-6031-7, Assouline, Pierre (2009) [1996], Hergé: The Man Who Created Tintin, Charles Ruas (translator), Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press, ISBN 978-0-19-539759-8, Farr, Michael (2001), Tintin: The Complete Companion, London: John Murray, ISBN 978-0-7195-5522-0, Farr, Michael (2007), Tintin & Co, London: John Murray Publishers Ltd, ISBN 978-1-4052-3264-7, Farr, Michael (2007a), The Adventures of Hergé: Creator of Tintin (Re-release ed, ), San Francisco: Last Gasp (first published in 2007 by John Murray Publishers Ltd, ), ISBN 978-0-86719-679-5, Goddin, Philippe (2008), The Art of Hergé, Inventor of Tintin, Volume 1, 1907–1937, Michael Farr (translator), San Francisco: Last Gasp, ISBN 978-0-86719-706-8, Gravett, Paul (2005), Graphic Novels: Stories to Change Your Life, London: Aurum Press, ISBN 978-1-84513-068-8, Horeau, Yves (2004), The Adventures of Tintin at Sea, Michael Farr (translator), London: Hodder & Stoughton (First published 1999 by John Murray Publishers Ltd, ), ISBN 978-0-7195-6119-1, Horn, Maurice (1983), World Encyclopedia of Comics (2nd Revised ed, ), New York City: Chelsea House, ISBN 978-0-87754-323-7, Lofficier, Jean-Marc; Lofficier, Randy (2002), The Pocket Essential Tintin, Harpenden, Hertfordshire: Pocket Essentials, ISBN 978-1-904048-17-6, McCarthy, Tom (2006), Tintin and the Secret of Literature, London: Granta, ISBN 978-1-86207-831-4, McCloud, Scott (1993), Understanding Comics: The Invisible Art, Princeton, Wisconsin: Kitchen Sink Press, ISBN 978-0-87816-243-7, McLaughlin, Jeff (2007), Comics as Philosophy, Jackson, Mississippi: University Press of Mississippi (First published December 2005), ISBN 978-1-60473-000-5, Miller, Ann (2007), Reading Bande Dessinée: Critical Approaches to French-language Comic Strip, Bristol: Intellect Books, ISBN 978-1-84150-177-2, Peeters, Benoît (1989), Tintin and the World of Hergé, London: Methuen Children's Books, ISBN 978-0-416-14882-4, Peeters, Benoît (2012) [2002], Hergé: Son of Tintin, Tina A, Kover (translator), Baltimore, Maryland: Johns Hopkins University Press, ISBN 978-1-4214-0454-7, Sadoul, Numa (1975), Tintin et moi: entretiens avec Hergé [Tintin and I: Interviews with Hergé] (in French), Tournai: Casterman, ISBN 978-2-08-080052-7, Screech, Matthew (2005), Masters of the Ninth Art: Bandes Dessinées and Franco-Belgian Identity, Liverpool University Press, ISBN 978-0-85323-938-3, Thompson, Harry (1991), Tintin: Hergé and his Creation, London: Hodder and Stoughton, ISBN 978-0-340-52393-3, Tisseron, Serge (1990), Tintin et les Secrets de Famille, Paris: Editions Aubier-Montaigne, ISBN 978-2-7007-2168-3, Tisseron, Serge (1993), Tintin et les Secrets d'Hergé, Paris: Editions Hors collection, ISBN 978-2-258-03753-3, News articles
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Tintin is a Pop Art idol", The Times, London, Retrieved 3 May 2013, McCarthy, Tom (1 July 2006), "Review: From zero to hero", The Guardian, London, Archived from the original on 30 August 2013, Retrieved 22 December 2012, Mulard, Claudine (7 November 2012), "Hollywood, porte d'entrée de Tintin pour séduire l'Amérique" [Hollywood: Tintin's Gateway to Seduce America], Le Monde (in French), Paris, Retrieved 4 May 2013, Spielberg said he found a 'soul mate' in the person of Hergé, Perl-Rosenthal, Nathan (2 February 2010), "In and Out of History", The New Republic, Washington, D, C, Archived from the original on 24 December 2013, Retrieved 11 March 2011, Pignal, Stanley (7 May 2010), "Fans of Tintin cry foul", Financial Times, London, Archived from the original on 24 December 2013, Retrieved 14 June 2013, Pollard, Lawrence (22 May 2007), "Belgium honours Tintin's creator", London: BBC News, Archived from the original on 3 October 2007, Retrieved 22 June 2013, Samuel, Henry (18 October 2011), "Tintin 'racist' court case nears its conclusion after four years", The Telegraph, London, Archived from the original on 31 January 2014, Retrieved 6 June 2013, Soumous, Frederic (1 April 2004), "Tintin et l'exposition de la ville, Bruxelles" [Tintin and the City exhibition, Brussels], Le Soir (in French), Brussels, Archived from the original on 24 December 2013, Retrieved 14 June 2013, Smurthwaite, Nick (13 December 2007), "Hergé's Adventure of Tintin", The Stage, London, Archived from the original on 24 December 2013, Retrieved 14 June 2013, Vrielink, Jogchum (14 May 2012), "Effort to ban Tintin comic book fails in Belgium", The Guardian, London, Archived from the original on 25 April 2014, Retrieved 22 December 2012, Wagner, Erica (9 December 2006), "Tintin at the top", The Times, London, Retrieved 11 March 2011, Walker, Andrew (16 December 2005), "Faces of the week", London: BBC News, Archived from the original on 20 December 2013, Retrieved 18 December 2013, "Belgian to Ban 'Racist' Tintin in the Congo", London: BBC News, 28 April 2010, Archived from the original on 7 January 2014, Retrieved 28 April 2013, "Bid to ban 'racist' Tintin book", London: BBC News, 12 July 2007, Archived from the original on 5 November 2013, Retrieved 22 December 2012, "Book chain moves 'racist' Tintin", London: BBC News, 17 July 2007, Archived from the original on 24 December 2013, Retrieved 22 December 2012, "Le Centre Pompidou décolle avec Tintin" [The Centre Pompidou Takes Off with Tintin], Le Figaro (in French), Paris, 20 December 2006, Archived from the original on 28 December 2013, Retrieved 14 July 2013, "Confused by the cult of Tintin? 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Ahl, David H, (28 August 2011), "Hergé ~ Tintin Philately: Stamps, Souvenir Sheets and Covers", SwapMeetDave [a personal website], Archived from the original on 3 August 2013, Retrieved 22 June 2013, Cadambi, Abra (2006), "Hergé & Tintin—A Guide: Tintin Live!", Hergé & Tintin – A Guide to all things Hergé [a personal website], Archived from the original on 24 December 2013, Retrieved 28 April 2013, Cadambi, Abra (2006), "Hergé & Tintin—A Guide: Tintin On Show!", Hergé & Tintin – A Guide to all things Hergé [a personal website], Archived from the original on 22 December 2011, Retrieved 28 April 2013, Chiha, Sofiane (2 January 2007), "Célébrations sur toute la planète pour le créateur de Tintin" [Celebrations Across the Globe for the Creator of Tintin], L'Humanité (in French), Archived from the original on 24 December 2013, Retrieved 22 December 2012, Christensen, Claus (November 2003), "Boy Scout with Strange Dreams—"Tintin et moi"", Danish Film Institute, Archived from the original (PDF) on 13 May 2006, Retrieved 9 September 2006, Ewing, Garen (1995), "In Defence of Hergé", Tintinologist, org / Vicious magazine, Archived from the original on 24 December 2013, Retrieved 15 September 2006, Gravett, Paul (20 April 2008), "Hergé & The Clear Line: Part 1", PaulGravett, com, Archived from the original on 26 August 2013, Retrieved 22 June 2013, Hodgson, Leda (17 April 2008), "Leda Hodgson", Theatre Maketa, Archived from the original on 26 May 2013, Retrieved 3 October 2008, Tintin and the Black Island adapted by Geoffrey Case from Hergé, Unicorn Theatre Company 1980, de Koning Gans, Wim (28 January 2005), "Comic Strip Murals in Brussels", PBase, com—Wim de Koning Gans [a personal website], Archived from the original on 24 December 2013, Retrieved 14 June 2013, Lorenzi, Anthony (28 August 2011), "Tintin in stamps", TintinMilou, free, fr [a personal website], Archived from the original on 5 June 2012, Retrieved 22 June 2013, Mills, T, F, (1 February 1996), "The Adventures of Tintin: A History of the Anglo-American Editions", Le site d'Hergé, Archived from the original on 10 July 2006, Retrieved 14 September 2006, Moura, Carlos Gustavo (1999), "Hergé et la ligne claire" [Hergé and the Clear Line], Hergé: l'homme et l'oeuvre (in French), Archived from the original on 23 July 2012, Retrieved 22 December 2012, Owens, Chris (25 February 2004), "Tintin: 60 Years Of Adventure", Tintinologist, org, Archived from the original on 15 December 2013, Retrieved 14 June 2013, Owens, Chris (10 July 2004), "Interview with Michael Turner and Leslie Lonsdale-Cooper", Tintinologist, org, Archived from the original on 9 April 2014, Retrieved 15 September 2006, Owens, Chris (1 October 2004), "Tintin crosses the Atlantic: The Golden Press affair", Tintinologist, org, Archived from the original on 9 April 2014, Retrieved 5 January 2007, Perrotte, Patrick; Van Gong, Luc (2006), "Tintin en Suisse" [Tintin in Switzerland], Tintin est Vivant! (in French), Archived from the original on 4 August 2013, Retrieved 11 March 2010, Wainman, Richard (15 January 2006), "Tintin Audio Releases", Tintinologist, org, Archived from the original on 24 December 2013, Retrieved 4 May 2013, Tintin: Le Temple du Soleil, Tabas&Co 5005, 2002, (Charleroi cast)Wainman, Richard (5 January 2007), "Hergé at the Centre Pompidou", Tintinologist, org, Archived from the original on 24 December 2013, Retrieved 14 July 2013, White, Ethan (12 June 2007), "Tintin and the world of stamps", Tintinologist, org, Archived from the original on 9 April 2014, Retrieved 31 May 2013, Yusuf, Bulent (14 November 2005), "Alphabetti Fumetti: H is for Hergé", Ninth Art, Archived from the original on 31 May 2013, Retrieved 22 December 2012, "10 euro Tintin", Coin Database, 2006, Archived from the original on 24 December 2013, Retrieved 22 June 2013, "The Adventures of Tintin at Sea—a major new exhibition at the National Maritime Museum", Royal Museums Greenwich, 13 November 2003, Archived from the original on 24 December 2013, Retrieved 22 December 2012, "The Adventures of Tintin: The Game (2011)", MobyGames, com, 2011, Archived from the original on 24 December 2013, Retrieved 24 February 2013, "Belgium—2007–20 euro—Tintin 100yr Hergé", NumisCollect, June 2007, Archived from the original on 24 December 2013, Retrieved 22 June 2013, "The catalogue for the Hergé Museum has arrived!", Tintin, com, 18 May 2009, Archived from the original on 24 December 2013, Retrieved 22 June 2013, "Comic lovers remember Hergé, creator of Tintin and Snowy", TwoCircles, net (which reprinted the story without attribution), 21 May 2007, Archived from the original on 24 December 2013, Retrieved 22 June 2013, "Comic lovers remember Hergé, creator of Tintin and Snowy", Highbeam Research (which reprinted the story with attribution to Hindustan Times, New Delhi, India), 21 May 2007, Archived from the original on 10 June 2014, Retrieved 22 June 2013, "Comic book route in Brussels", City of Brussels, Archived from the original on 24 December 2013, Retrieved 14 June 2013, "De Gaulle seen by himself", Foundation Charles-de-Gaulle, org, September 1958, Archived from the original on 4 December 2013, Retrieved 14 June 2013, "An Exhibition in Tokyo", Tintin, com, 16 March 2002, Archived from the original on 24 December 2013, Retrieved 14 June 2013, "Explorers on the Moon Coin Set", Tintinesque, com, 8 July 2004, Archived from the original on 26 August 2010, Retrieved 22 June 2013, "The Great Wave", The Tintin Trivia Quiz, 2006, Archived from the original on 6 March 2012, Retrieved 15 September 2006, "Hergé at the Centre Pompidou", CentrePompidou, fr (in French), 20 December 2006, Archived from the original on 13 May 2014, Retrieved 22 June 2013, "Hergè exhibition at the Pompidou Centre, Paris", designboom, 20 December 2006, Archived from the original on 14 November 2013, Retrieved 22 June 2013, "Hergé's Adventures of Tintin at the Barbican Theatre", Barbican, org, uk, 1 December 2005, Archived from the original on 13 December 2013, Retrieved 10 December 2013, "Hergé's Adventures of Tintin [Musical]", SoniaFriedman, com, November 2007, Archived from the original on 25 December 2013, Retrieved 14 July 2013, "Hergé—Hachette Book Group", Hachette Book Group, 2013, Archived from the original on 8 July 2013, Retrieved 14 June 2013, "The Hergé Museum by Christian de Portzamparc", Contemporist, 3 June 2009, Archived from the original on 13 December 2013, Retrieved 14 June 2013, "How to tell a Thompson from a Thomson", The Tintin Trivia Quiz, 2006, Archived from the original on 21 October 2013, Retrieved 9 September 2006, "Mille sabords!" [Billions of Blistering Barnacles!] (in French), Tintin, com, 21 March 2001, Archived from the original on 7 November 2014, Retrieved 14 June 2013, "Musée Hergé Temporary exhibition: Into Tibet with Tintin", Musée Hergé, May 2012, Archived from the original on 12 December 2013, Retrieved 28 April 2013, "Moulinsart", Tintin, com, 2010, Archived from the original on 30 April 2014, Retrieved 14 June 2013, "New 20 euro coin from Belgium", Coin Talk, 13 June 2007, Archived from the original on 25 December 2013, Retrieved 22 June 2013, "The Royal Literary Fund—Geoffrey Case", RLF, org, 2008, Archived from the original on 24 May 2013, Retrieved 28 April 2013, "Rufus Norris to direct World Premiere of Tintin", YoungVic, org, November 2005, Archived from the original on 9 November 2006, Retrieved 9 September 2006, "Search for a coin – Tintin", Numista, 2006, Archived from the original on 24 December 2013, Retrieved 22 June 2013, "The Twelve Adventures of Tintin Gold Medallion Set", Chard (UK coin and bullion), 1995, Archived from the original on 24 December 2013, Retrieved 22 June 2013, "Tintin—Egmont Group", Egmont Group, 2013, Archived from the original on 27 March 2014, Retrieved 14 June 2013, "Tintin", A personal website (Netherlands), 2006, Archived from the original on 7 December 2006, Retrieved 5 January 2007, "Tintin in Tibet (1995)", MobyGames, com, 1995, Archived from the original on 15 April 2014, Retrieved 30 September 2013, "Tintin: Prisoners of the Sun (1996)", MobyGames, com, 1996, Archived from the original on 29 March 2014, Retrieved 24 February 2013, "Tintin: Destination Adventure (2001)", MobyGames, com, 2001, Archived from the original on 4 October 2013, Retrieved 30 September 2013, "Tintin in America: One of a set of 12 gold medals featuring the most famous Belgian", OmniCoin, com, 20 April 2009, Archived from the original on 24 December 2013, Retrieved 22 June 2013, "Tintin on the Moon (1989)", MobyGames, com, 1989, Archived from the original on 24 December 2013, Retrieved 24 February 2013, "Tintin on the Moon", Sinclair Infoseek, 1989, Archived from the original on 24 December 2013, Retrieved 24 February 2013, "Visitez l'Expo 'Tintin au Musee de la Marine' 48 H Avant son Ouverture!" [Visit the Museum Expo 'Tintin in the Navy' 48 H Before Opening!] (in French), BDzoom, com, 19 March 2001, Archived from the original on 24 December 2013, Retrieved 14 June 2013, "Youth philately, Tintin 1v", PostBeeld, com (Netherlands), 2010, Archived from the original on 24 December 2013, Retrieved 22 June 2013, Further readingBooks
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Spoken Wikipedia iconThis audio file was created from a revision of the article "The Adventures of Tintin" dated 2006-02-20, and does not reflect subsequent edits to the article, (Audio help)More spoken articlesGoddin, Philippe (2010), The Art of Hergé, Inventor of Tintin, Volume 2, 1937–1949, Michael Farr (translator), San Francisco: Last Gasp, ISBN 978-0-86719-724-2, Goddin, Philippe (2011), The Art of Hergé, Inventor of Tintin, Volume 3: 1950–1983, Michael Farr (translator), San Francisco: Last Gasp, ISBN 978-0-86719-763-1, Taylor, Raphaël (8 November 2012), Hergé: The Genius of Tintin: A Biography, London: Icon Books, ISBN 978-1-84831-275-3, News Articles
Dowling, Stephen (9 January 2004), "Boy reporter still a global hero", London: BBC News, Archived from the original on 10 November 2013, Retrieved 22 December 2012, Jessel, Stephen (29 November 1998), "Crazy for Tintin", London: BBC News, Archived from the original on 24 December 2013, Retrieved 22 December 2012, Pandey, Geeta (28 September 2005), "Tintin ventures into India's rural markets", London: BBC News, Archived from the original on 24 December 2013, Retrieved 22 December 2012, "Tintin conquers China", London: BBC News, 23 May 2001, Archived from the original on 24 December 2013, Retrieved 22 December 2012, Websites
Østergaard, Anders (2003), "Tintin et Moi (Entire documentary)", Archived from the original on 24 December 2013, Retrieved 9 May 2013 – via Vimeo, Curran, James (17 October 2011), "Unofficial title sequence for The Adventures of Tintin, featuring elements from each of the 24 books", Archived from the original on 10 April 2014, Retrieved 22 June 2013 – via Vimeo, External linksThe Adventures of Tintinat Wikipedia's sister projectsDefinitions from WiktionaryMedia from Wikimedia CommonsQuotations from WikiquoteData from WikidataOfficial website Edit this at WikidataTintinologist, org, the oldest and largest English-language Tintin fan sitevteThe Adventures of Tintin by HergéThe Adventuresof Tintin Tintin in the Land of the Soviets (1930)Tintin in the Congo (1931)Tintin in America (1932)Cigars of the Pharaoh (1934)The Blue Lotus (1936)The Broken Ear (1937)The Black Island (1938)King Ottokar's Sceptre (1939)The Crab with the Golden Claws (1941)The Shooting st*r (1942)The Secret of the Unicorn (1943)Red Rackham's Treasure (1944)The Seven Crystal Balls (1948)Prisoners of the Sun (1949)Land of Black Gold (1950)Destination Moon (1953)Explorers on the Moon (1954)The Calculus Affair (1956)The Red Sea Sharks (1958)Tintin in Tibet (1960)The Castafiore Emerald (1963)Flight 714 to Sydney (1968)Tintin and the Picaros (1976)Tintin and Alph-Art (1986, unfinished)Le Thermozéro (unfinished, unpublished)Characters TintinSnowyCaptain HaddockProfessor CalculusThomson and ThompsonRastapopoulosBianca CastafioreChang Chong-ChenNestorJolyon WaggSettings BorduriaKhemedMarlinspike HallSan TheodorosSyldaviaThe UnicornWadesdahOther settingsFeature films Animated The Crab with the Golden Claws (1947)Tintin and the Temple of the Sun (1969)Tintin and the Lake of Sharks (1972)The Adventures of Tintin (2011)Live-action Tintin and the Golden Fleece (1961)Tintin and the Blue Oranges (1964)Television series Hergé's Adventures of Tintin (1958–62)The Adventures of Tintin (1991–92)Home videoDocumentaries I, Tintin (1976)Tintin and I (2003)Stage The Mystery of the Blue Diamond (1941)Mr, Boullock's Disappearance (1941)Kuifje – De Zonnetempel (De Musical) (2001)Tintin – Le Temple du Soleil – Le Spectacle Musical (2002)Video games Tintin on the Moon (1987)Tintin in Tibet (1996)Prisoners of the Sun (1997)Tintin: Destination Adventure (2001)The Adventures of Tintin: The Secret of the Unicorn (2011)Other mediaand memorabilia Tintin mediaBooks about Tintin Tintin and the World of HergéTintin magazineTintin postage stampsTintin coinsCollaboratorsof Hergé Studios HergéBob de MoorEdgar P, JacobsJacques MartinGregRoger LeloupJosette BaujotJacques Van MelkebekeZhang ChongrenLegacy of Hergé Hergé FoundationIdeology of TintinLigne claireMusée HergéParodies and pastiches Breaking FreeTintin in ThailandPublishers Bonnier GroupCarlsen VerlagCastermanEgmontGolden PressLe LombardMethuen PublishingLe Petit VingtièmeLe SoirTintin (magazine)Little, Brown & Co, Literary critics Michael FarrPhilippe GoddinBenoît PeetersYves RodierNuma SadoulWikipedia book BookCategory CategoryvteComics by HergévteLigne claire comicsFlag of Belgium, svgBelgium portalSpeech balloon, svgComics portalTom Sawyer 1876 frontispiece, jpgChildren's literature portal
Authority control Edit this at Wikidata BNF: cb16534464s (data)GND: 4306653-7MusicBrainz: 5b24926d-2671-468f-aba8-21ab9db9ee5cSUDOC: 156676834VIAF: 183133961WorldCat Identities (via VIAF): 183133961Categories: Tintin1929 comics debutsAction-adventure comicsComics by HergéBelgian comics titlesBelgian comic stripsScouting and Guiding in BelgiumAdventure comicsHumor comicsSatirical comicsPolitical comic strips1975 comics endingsComics set in the 1920sComics set in the 1930sComics set in the 1940sComics set in the 1950sComics set in the 1960sComics set in the 1970sComics set in BelgiumComics set in BrusselsBelgian cultureBelgian comics adapted into filmsComics adapted into animated filmsComics adapted into animated seriesComics adapted into playsComics adapted into television seriesComics adapted into video games----------------ABOUT The Adventures of Tintin (film)From Wikipedia, the free encyclopediaJump to navigationJump to searchThis article is about the 2011 film, For other merchandise based on "The Adventures of Tintin", see List of Tintin media, "The Adventures of Tintin: The Secret of the Unicorn" redirects here, For the video game, see The Adventures of Tintin: The Secret of the Unicorn (video game), The Adventures of TintinThe Adventures of Tintin - Secret of the Unicorn, jpgTheatrical release posterDirected by Steven SpielbergProduced by Steven SpielbergPeter JacksonKathleen KennedyScreenplay by Steven MoffatEdgar WrightJoe CornishStory by Steven SpielbergBased on The Adventures of Tintin and The Secret of the Unicornby Hergést*rring Jamie BellAndy SerkisDaniel CraigNick FrostSimon PeggDaniel MaysMackenzie CrookToby JonesGad ElmalehMusic by John WilliamsEdited by Michael KahnProductioncompanyParamount PicturesColumbia PicturesNickelodeon MoviesAmblin EntertainmentWingNut FilmsThe Kennedy/Marshall CompanyHemisphere Media CapitalDistributed by Paramount Pictures (North America, UK, New Zealand, and Australia)Sony Pictures Releasing (International)[1]Release date23 October 2011 (Brussels)21 December 2011 (United States)26 December 2011 (New Zealand)Running time107 minutes[2]Country United StatesNew ZealandLanguage EnglishBudget $135 million[3]Box office $374 million[4]The Adventures of Tintin (also known as The Adventures of Tintin: The Secret of the Unicorn)[5] is a 2011 3D computer-animated action-adventure film based on Belgian cartoonist Hergé's comic book series of the same name, The film was produced and directed by Steven Spielberg, co-produced by Peter Jackson and Kathleen Kennedy, written by Steven Moffat, Edgar Wright and Joe Cornish, and st*rs Jamie Bell, Andy Serkis, Daniel Craig, Nick Frost and Simon Pegg, who portray their characters through voice acting and motion capture, [6][7][8] Inspired by three volumes of the Tintin series - The Crab with the Golden Claws (1941), The Secret of the Unicorn (1943) and Red Rackham's Treasure (1944) - its plot follows the reporter Tintin (Bell), his dog, Snowy, and their accomplice Captain Haddock (Serkis) as they search for the treasure of the Unicorn, a ship captained by Haddock's ancestor Sir Francis Haddock; they are pursued by Ivan Ivanovitch Sakharine (Craig), the descendant of Sir Haddock's nemesis Red Rackham, [9]
Spielberg and Hergé were admirers of each other's work; the director acquired the film rights to The Adventures of Tintin following the author's death in 1983, and re-optioned them in 2002, Filming was due to begin in October 2008 for a 2010 release, but the release was delayed to 2011 after Universal Pictures opted out of producing the film with Paramount Pictures, who provided $30 million in pre-production; Sony Pictures replaced Universal as co-financer, The delay resulted in Thomas Brodie-Sangster, who had been originally cast as Tintin, departing from the project and being replaced by Bell, The world première took place on 22 October 2011 in Brussels, [10]
The film was released in the United Kingdom and other European countries on 26 October 2011 and in the United States on 21 December 2011 in Digital 3D and IMAX 3D formats, [11] It was a commercial success, grossing over $373 million against a budget of $135 million, [4] making it Paramount's highest-grossing animated feature, and received generally positive reviews from critics, [12] who praised the stylized use of motion capture (particularly the faithful look to Hergé's works), visual effects, action scenes, performances and music, to which they compared one of Spielberg's previous works, Raiders of the Lost Ark, It was the first motion-captured animated film (as well as the first non-Pixar animated film) to win the Golden Globe Award for Best Animated Feature Film, [13] Composer John Williams was nominated for an Oscar for Best Original Score and the film was nominated for six Saturn Awards, including Best Animated Film, Best Director for Spielberg and Best Music for Williams, [14] A sequel directed by Jackson was announced in the wake of the film's release, but has since stalled in development hell,
Contents1 Plot2 Voice cast3 Production3, 1 Development3, 2 Filming and visual effects3, 3 Music4 Differences from the source material5 Release5, 1 Home media6 Reception6, 1 Critical response6, 2 Box office6, 3 Accolades7 Video game8 Possible sequels9 See also10 References11 External linksPlotSee also: The Secret of the Unicorn § SynopsisWhile browsing in an outdoor market with his pet dog Snowy, young journalist Tintin purchases a miniature model of a ship known as the Unicorn, but is accosted by an Interpol officer named Barnaby and a ship collector named Ivan Ivanovitch Sakharine, who both unsuccessfully attempt to acquire the model from Tintin, After Tintin takes the model home to his apartment, it is accidentally broken during a chase between Snowy and a cat; a parchment scroll slips out of the ship and rolls under a piece of Tintin's furniture, Meanwhile, bumbling police detectives Thomson and Thompson are on the trail of pickpocket Aristides Silk,
After visiting Maritime Library to uncover the history surrounding the Unicorn, Tintin returns to find the Unicorn has been stolen, which he suspects Sakharine of doing, He heads to Marlinspike Hall, where he accuses him of the theft, but noticing Sakharine's model is not broken, he realizes there are two Unicorn models, Tintin returns to his apartment, which has been ransacked, and is shown the scroll by Snowy, However, they are interrupted by the arrival of Barnaby, who is then assassinated while attempting to recover the Unicorn,
Tintin places the scroll in his wallet, but is pick-pocketed by Silk the next morning and soon afterwards abducted by accomplices of Sakharine on the SS Karaboudjan, He learns that Sakharine formed an alliance with the ship's staff and led a mutiny to take control, On board, Tintin encounters the ship's captain, Archibald Haddock, who is permanently drunk and has forgotten most of his past, Tintin, Haddock and Snowy outrun the crew and escape from the Karaboudjan in a lifeboat, The ship attempts to ram their boat but instead ram an empty lifeboat Haddock accidentally released during his escape, Noticing that two lifeboats have been released, Sakharine presumes them to have survived and sends a seaplane to find and capture them, Feeling cold and thirsty on the lifeboat ride, Haddock foolishly uses a stowaway bottle of scotch whisky to put out a fire he st*rted in the boat, causing an explosion that leaves the trio stranded on top of the upturned boat, The trio seize the seaplane and use it to fly towards the fictitious Moroccan port of Bagghar, but it crashes in a desert due to low fuel and a thunderstorm,
While trekking through the desert along with Tintin and Snowy, Haddock hallucinates and remembers his ancestor, Sir Francis Haddock, the 17th-century captain of the Unicorn, whose treasure-laden ship was attacked by the crew of a pirate ship led by Red Rackham, who is later revealed to be Sakharine's ancestor, Sir Francis surrendered, but since the pirates killed all of his crew, he chose to sink the Unicorn, along with most of its treasure, to prevent it from falling into Rackham's hands, The story implies there were three Unicorn models, each containing a scroll; together, the scrolls can reveal coordinates of the location of the sunken Unicorn and its treasure,
The third model is in Bagghar, possessed by Omar ben Salaad, Sakharine causes a distraction in a Bianca Castafiore concert, which results in him stealing the third scroll, A chase through the city ensues, during which he gains all the scrolls, Just as he is ready to give up, Tintin is persuaded by Haddock to continue, With help from Thomson and Thompson, Tintin and Haddock track Sakharine back to Brussels and set up a trap, but Sakharine uses his pistol to resist arrest, When his men fail to save him, Sakharine challenges Haddock to a sword fight with the cranes at the dock, After the fight, Sakharine is pushed overboard by Haddock; he is then rescued and arrested by Thomson and Thompson,
Guided by the three scrolls, which indicate the location of Marlinspike Hall, Tintin, Haddock and Snowy travel there, Inside, aided by Haddock, they find some of the treasure and a clue to the Unicorn's location; Tintin and Haddock both agree on setting up an expedition to find Red Rackham's Treasure,
Voice castJamie Bell as Tintin, [15] Bell replaced Thomas Brodie-Sangster, who dropped out when filming was delayed in October 2008, [16] Jackson suggested Bell to take on the role after previously casting him as Jimmy in his King Kong remake, [17]Andy Serkis as Captain Archibald Haddock and Sir Francis Haddock, [18] Spielberg suggested Serkis, given he played Gollum in Jackson's The Lord of the Rings trilogy and King Kong in the 2005 remake, which were both roles requiring motion capture, and also because he considers Serkis a "great and funny actor", [19] Serkis joked he was concerned Jackson wanted him to play Tintin's dog, Snowy, [20] who was animated traditionally, i, e, , without motion capture, [21] Serkis remarked upon reading the comics again for the role that they had a surreal Pythonesque quality, [22] The actor researched seamen, and gave Haddock a Scottish accent as he felt the character had "a rawness, an emotional availability, a more Celtic kind of feel", [19]Daniel Craig as Ivan Ivanovitch Sakharine, the main antagonist and descendant of Red Rackham; and Red Rackham the pirate who attacked the Unicorn, the ship captained by Sir Francis Haddock, [15] Spielberg described Sakharine as a "champagne villain, cruel when he has to be but with a certain elegance to him, " Jackson and Spielberg decided to promote Sakharine from a relatively minor character to the villain, and while considering an "interesting actor" to portray him, Spielberg came up with Craig, with whom he had worked on Munich, Craig joked he followed "the English tradition of playing bad guys", [19]Nick Frost and Simon Pegg as Thomson and Thompson respectively, bumbling police detectives who are almost identical, The duo was invited out of necessity to have a comedy team that could act identical, [19] Spielberg invited Pegg to the set and offered him the role after he had completed How to Lose Friends & Alienate People, [23] Pegg had previously st*rred alongside Serkis in John Landis' Burke & Hare, in 2010, Toby Jones as Aristides Silk, a pickpocket and self-confessed kleptomaniac, [18][24]Daniel Mays as Allan, Captain Haddock's first mate, [citation needed]Mackenzie Crook as Tom, a thug on the Karaboudjan, Gad Elmaleh as Omar ben Salaad, an Arab potentate, [18] Elmaleh stated his accent was "the childhood coming back", [19]Enn Reitel as Nestor, Sakharine's butler; and Mr, Crabtree, a vendor who sells the Unicorn to Tintin, Tony Curran as Lieutenant Delcourt, an ally of Tintin, [25]Joe st*rr as Barnaby Dawes, an Interpol agent who tries to warn Tintin about purchasing the Unicorn and ends up being shot by Sakharine's thugs on Tintin's doorstep, Kim Stengel as Bianca Castafiore, a comical opera singer, While Castafiore was absent from the three stories, Jackson stated she was added for her status as an "iconic character" and because she would be a fun element of the plot, [19] Renée Fleming provides the singing voice for Castafiore, Sonje Fortag as Mrs, Finch, Tintin's landlady, Cary Elwes and Phillip Rhys as French seaplane pilots working for Sakharine, Ron Bottitta as Unicorn Lookout, Mark Ivanir as Afgar Outpost Soldier/Secretary, Sebastian Roché as Pedro/1st Mate, Nathan Meister as a market artist who bears a resemblance to Hergé, Sana Etoile as a Press Reporter, ProductionDevelopmentSpielberg has been an avid fan of The Adventures of Tintin comic book series since 1981, when a review compared Raiders of the Lost Ark to Tintin, [21] Meanwhile, the comics' creator, Hergé—who disliked the previous live-action film versions and the animated series—became a fan of Spielberg, Michael Farr, author of Tintin: The Complete Companion, recalled Hergé "thought Spielberg was the only person who could ever do Tintin justice", [26] Spielberg and his production partner Kathleen Kennedy of Amblin Entertainment were scheduled to meet with Hergé in 1983 while filming Indiana Jones and the Temple of Doom in London, Hergé died that week, but his widow decided to give them the rights, [21] A three-year-long option to film the comics was finalized in 1984, [26] with Universal as distributor, [27]
Spielberg commissioned E, T, the Extra-Terrestrial writer Melissa Mathison to script a film about Tintin battling ivory hunters in Africa, [26] Spielberg saw Tintin as an "Indiana Jones for kids" and wanted Jack Nicholson to play Haddock, [28] Unsatisfied with the script, Spielberg continued production on Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade; the rights returned to the Hergé Foundation, Claude Berri and Roman Polanski became interested in filming the property, while Warner Bros, negotiated for the rights, but they could not guarantee the "creative integrity" that the Foundation found in Spielberg, [26] In 2001, Spielberg revealed his interest in depicting Tintin with computer animation, [29] In November 2002, his studio DreamWorks reestablished the option to film the series, [30] Spielberg originally said he would only produce the film, [31] In 2004, French magazine Capital reported Spielberg was intending a trilogy based on The Secret of the Unicorn / Red Rackham's Treasure, The Seven Crystal Balls / Prisoners of the Sun and The Blue Lotus / Tintin in Tibet (which are separate stories, but both feature Chang Chong-Chen), [32] By then, Spielberg had reverted to his idea of a live-action adaptation and called Peter Jackson to ask if Weta Digital would create a computer-generated Snowy, [9]
We're making them look photorealistic; the fibres of their clothing, the pores of their skin and each individual hair, They look exactly like real people—but real Hergé people!Peter Jackson explains the film's look[33]Jackson, a longtime fan of the comics, [34] had used motion capture in The Lord of the Rings and King Kong; he suggested that a live-action adaptation would not do justice to the comic books and that motion capture was instead the best way of representing Hergé's world of Tintin, [9] A week of filming took place in November 2006 in Playa Vista, Los Angeles, California, on the stage where James Cameron shot Avatar, [35] Andy Serkis had been cast, while Jackson stood in for Tintin, [22] During the shoot, Cameron and Robert Zemeckis (director of The Polar Express, another motion-captured animated film) were present, [9] The footage was transmitted to Weta Digital, [35] who produced a twenty-minute test reel that demonstrated a photorealistic depiction of the characters, [33] Spielberg said he would not mind filming it digitally because he saw it as an animated film, and reiterated his live-action work would always be filmed traditionally, [36] Lead designer Chris Guise visited Brussels to see the inspiration for Hergé's sceneries, [37]
An official announcement about the collaboration was made in May 2007, although both filmmakers had to wait to film it: Spielberg was preparing Indiana Jones and the Kingdom of the Crystal Skull while Jackson was planning The Lovely Bones, [33] Spielberg had considered two books to become the main story, The Crab with the Golden Claws and The Secret of the Unicorn, with the main plot eventually following the latter and its immediate sequel, Red Rackham's Treasure, Jackson felt the former's story "wasn't really robust enough to sustain a feature film", but the filmmakers still included elements from the comic, such as the Karaboujan and the first meeting of Tintin and Haddock, Spielberg invited Edgar Wright to write the script for the film, but Wright was busy and instead recommended other names, including Steven Moffat, [38] In October 2007, Moffat was announced as the screenwriter for two of the Tintin films, [39] Moffat said he was "love bombed" by Spielberg into accepting the offer to write the films, with the director promising to shield him from studio interference with his writing, [40] Moffat finished a draft, but was unable to finish another due to the 2007–2008 Writers Guild of America strike, He then became executive producer of Doctor Who, leading Spielberg and Jackson (both of whom are fans of the show) to allow him to leave and fulfill his duty to the series, [41] Wright then returned and agreed to take over the script while Joe Cornish, a fan of Tintin with whom Wright was working at the time, also worked with him, After two drafts of the script, Wright left in order to begin filming Scott Pilgrim vs the World, , with Cornish staying on to finish the script under the guidance of Spielberg and Jackson, [38]
More filming took place in March 2008, [22] However, in August 2008 (a month before principal photography would have begun), Universal turned down their option to co-produce the film due to the poor box office performances of other recent performance-captured animated films, such as Monster House (2006) and Beowulf (2007), as well as Spielberg and Jackson's request for a combined 30% of the gross, [42] Paramount Pictures (DreamWorks' distributor) had hoped to partner with Universal on the project, having spent $30 million on pre-production, Spielberg gave a ten-minute presentation of footage, hoping they would approve filming to begin in October, Paramount, along with their subsidiary Nickelodeon Movies, offered to produce as long as the directors found a studio that was willing to co-produce the film: Spielberg and Jackson agreed[16][27] and negotiated with Sony's Columbia Pictures to co-finance and distribute the first film internationally by the end of October, [43][44][45] Sony only agreed to finance two films, though Jackson said a third film may still happen, [9]
Filming and visual effectsPrincipal photography began on 26 January 2009; the release date was pushed from 2010 to 2011, [15] Spielberg finished his film—after 32 days of shooting—in March 2009, Jackson was present for the first week of filming and supervised the rest of the shoot via a bespoke videoconferencing program, [34] Simon Pegg said Jackson's voice would "be coming over the Tannoy like God", [46] During filming, various directors, including Guillermo del Toro, Stephen Daldry and David Fincher visited, Spielberg wanted to treat the film like live-action, moving his camera around, [9] He revealed, "Every movie I made, up until Tintin, I always kept one eye closed when I've been framing a shot, " because he wanted to see the movie in 2-D, the way viewers would, "On Tintin, I have both of my eyes open", [47] Jackson took the hands-on approach to directing Weta Digital during post-production, which Spielberg supervised through video conferencing, Jackson will also begin development for the second film, for which he will be officially credited as director, [17] Spielberg says "there will be no cell phones, no TV sets, no modern cars, Just timeless Europe", [48] His frequent collaborator and cinematographer Janusz Kamiński served as lighting consultant for Weta, and Jackson said the film will look "film noirish, very atmospheric", Spielberg finished six weeks of additional motion-capture filming in mid-July 2009, [9][49] Post production was finished on September 2011, [50] From the very beginning to the very end, the film took a total of seven years in production,
To improve the quality of the indoor lighting nuances, Weta Digital and NVIDIA developed a piece of ray tracing software called PantaRay, which requires 100 to 1, 000 times more computation than traditional shadow-map based solutions, [51] For the performance of "Snowy", various models served as a reference for actors on-set, manipulated by property master Brad Elliott, According to animators, Snowy was the hardest character to animate and develop, due to the type of coat he has as well as being white, Later, a dog's motion was captured digitally so the animators had inspiration for realistic movements, His vocal effects were taken from various breeds of dogs, [52]
MusicMusic from the Motion Picture: The Adventures of Tintin : The Secret of the UnicornThe Adventures of Tintin (soundtrack), jpgFilm score by John WilliamsReleased 21 October 2011Genre SoundtrackLength 65:22Label Sony ClassicalJohn Williams chronologyIndiana Jones and the Kingdom of the Crystal Skull(2008) Music from the Motion Picture: The Adventures of Tintin : The Secret of the Unicorn(2011) War Horse(2011)Professional ratingsReview scoresSource RatingAllMusic 3, 5/5 st*rsEmpire 5/5 st*rsFilm Score Reviews 3, 5/5 st*rsFilmtracks 5/5 st*rsLimelight 3, 5/5 st*rsMovie Wave 4/5 st*rsSoundtrack Geek 8, 33/10Static Mass Emporium 4/5 st*rsJohn Williams composed the musical score for The Adventures of Tintin, It was the first time Williams had composed the score of a film since 2008's Indiana Jones and the Kingdom of the Crystal Skull, [53] as well as his first score for an animated film, Most of the score was written while the animation was still in the early stages, with Williams seeking to employ "the old Disney technique of doing music first and have the animators trying to follow what the music is doing", Eventually, several cues had to be revised during the editing of the film, The composer decided to employ various musical styles, with "1920s, 1930s European jazz" for the opening credits and "pirate music" for the battle at sea, [54] The score was released on 21 October 2011 by Sony Classical Records, [55]
Track listingAll music is composed by John Williams,
No, Title Length1, "The Adventures of Tintin" 3:072, "Snowy's Theme" 2:093, "The Secret of the Scrolls" 3:124, "Introducing the Thompsons and Snowy's Chase" 4:085, "Marlinspike Hall" 3:586, "Escape from the Karaboudjan" 3:207, "Sir Francis and the Unicorn" 5:058, "Captain Haddock Takes the Oars" 2:179, "Red Rackham's Curse and the Treasure" 6:1010, "Capturing Mr, Silk" 2:5711, "The Flight to Bagghar" 3:3312, "The Milanese Nightingale" 1:2913, "Presenting Bianca Castafiore" 3:2714, "The Pursuit of the Falcon" 5:4315, "The Captain's Counsel" 2:1016, "The Clash of the Cranes" 3:4817, "The Return to Marlinspike Hall and Finale" 5:5118, "The Adventure Continues" 2:58Total length: 65:22Differences from the source materialThe film mainly draws its story from The Secret of the Unicorn (1943) and The Crab with the Golden Claws (1941) and to a much lesser degree, from Red Rackham's Treasure (1944), There are major differences from the source material, most notably with regard to the antagonists, In the book, Ivan Sakharine is a minor character, neither a villain nor the descendant of Red Rackham, As Sakharine was made the main antagonist in the film, the book's main villains, the Bird brothers, are absent from the adaptation, save for a small "cameo" in the initial sequence at the market, As a result of this change, many events transpire that bear no relation to events in the books involving Sakharine's character, [56] As in other adaptations, Snowy's "voice" is not used, [citation needed]
Release
Steven Spielberg and a costumed character of Tintin at the film's premiere in Paris, 22 October 2011, The film's first press-screening was held in Belgium on 10 October 2011, [57] The world première was held in Brussels, Belgium on 22 October 2011—attended by Princess Astrid and her younger daughters, Princess Luisa Maria and Princess Laetitia Maria; with the Paris première later the same day, [58] Sony later released the film during late October and early November 2011 in Europe, Latin America and India, The film was released in Quebec on 9 December 2011, [59] Paramount distributed the film in Asia, New Zealand, United Kingdom, and all other English-speaking territories, They released the film in the United States on 21 December 2011, [60][61]
Home mediaOn 13 March 2012, Paramount Home Entertainment released The Adventures of Tintin on DVD and Blu-ray, [62] Both formats of the film were also released in a Blu-ray + DVD + Digital Copy combo pack and a Blu-ray 3D + Blu-ray + DVD + Digital Copy combo pack, with each pack including 11 behind-the-scenes featurettes, [63]
During its first week available on home video, The Adventures of Tintin Blu-ray was the number-one-selling HD movie after selling 504, 000 units and generating $11, 09 million in sales, [64] The film was also the second-highest-selling home media seller during its first week, with 50% of its profits coming from its Blu-ray market, [65]
ReceptionCritical responseThe Adventures of Tintin received positive reviews from critics, Based on 228 reviews collected by review aggregate site Rotten Tomatoes, the film scored a 74% approval rating with an average rating of 6, 98/10, The site's critical consensus is, "Drawing deep from the classic Raiders of the Lost Ark playbook, Steven Spielberg has crafted another spirited, thrilling adventure in the form of Tintin, "[12] Metacritic, another review aggregator which assigns a weighted mean rating out of 100 to reviews from mainstream critics, calculated an average score of 68, based on 40 reviews, which indicates "generally favorable reviews", [66] Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film an average grade of "A" on an A+ to F scale,
Colin Covert of st*r Tribune gave the film 4 out of 4 st*rs and said that Spielberg's first venture into animation was his most delightful dose of pure entertainment since Raiders of the Lost Ark, [67] Amy Biancolli of the San Francisco Chronicle wrote, "Such are the timeless joys of the books (and now the movie), this sparkling absurdity and knack for buckling swash under the worst of circumstances, The boy may have the world's strangest cowlick, but he sure can roll with the punches, "[68] Roger Ebert of Chicago Sun-Times gave the film 3, 5 st*rs out of 4, labeling it "an ambitious and lively caper, miles smarter than your average 3-D family film", He praised the setting of the film, stating its similarity to the original Tintin comic strips and was also pleased with the 3-D technology used in the film, saying that "Spielberg employed it as an enhancement to 2-D instead of an attention-grabbing gimmick", [69] Peter Travers of Rolling Stone also gave the film 3, 5 out of 4 st*rs and wrote, "The movie comes at you in a whoosh, like a volcano of creative ideas in full eruption, Presented as the first part of a trilogy produced by Spielberg and Peter Jackson, The Adventures of Tintin hits home for the kid in all of us who wants to bust out and run free, "[70] Kenneth Turan of Los Angeles Times said, "Think of The Adventures of Tintin as a song of innocence and experience, able to combine a sweet sense of childlike wonder and pureness of heart with the most worldly and sophisticated of modern technology, More than anything, it's just a whole lot of fun, "[71]
Giving the film 3, 5 out of 4 st*rs, Lou Lumenick of New York Post wrote, "Spielberg and an army of collaborators—deploying motion capture and 3-D more skillfully than in any film since Avatar—turn this unlikely material into one of the year's most pleasurable, family-friendly experiences, a grand thrill ride of a treasure hunt, "[72] Richard Corliss of Time wrote, "Motion capture, which transforms actors into cartoon characters in a vividly animated landscape, is the technique Spielberg has been waiting for—the Christmas gift … that he's dreamed of since his movie childhood, "[73] Jordan Mintzer of The Hollywood Reporter was also very positive about the film, describing it as "a good ol' fashioned adventure flick that hearkens back to the filmmaker's action-packed, tongue-in-cheek swashbucklers of the 1980s, Steven Spielberg's The Adventures of Tintin: The Secret of the Unicorn is a visually dazzling adaptation", Comparing it with another film, Mintzer said Tintin has "an altogether more successful mocap experience than earlier efforts like The Polar Express", [74]
Belgian newspaper Le Soir's film critics Daniel Couvreur and Nicolas Crousse called the film "a great popular adventure movie", stating "[the film's] enthusiasm and childhood spirit are unreservedly infectious", [75] Le Figaro praised the film, considering it to be "crammed with action, humor and suspense", [76] Leslie Felperin of Variety wrote, "Clearly rejuvenated by his collaboration with producer Peter Jackson, and blessed with a smart script and the best craftsmanship money can buy, Spielberg has fashioned a whiz-bang thrill ride that's largely faithful to the wholesome spirit of his source but still appealing to younger, Tintin-challenged auds, "[77]
La Libre Belgique was, however, a little less enthusiastic; its film critic Alain Lorfèvre called the film "a technical success, [with] a Tintin vivid as it should be [and] a somewhat excessive Haddock", [57] The Guardian's Xan Brooks gave the film two st*rs out of five, stating: "While the big set pieces are often exuberantly handled, the human details are sorely wanting, How curious that Hergé achieved more expression with his use of ink-spot eyes and humble line drawings than a bank of computers and an army of animators were able to achieve, "[78] Blog Critics writer Ross Miller said, "Author Hergé's wonderfully bold and diverse array of characters are a mixed bag when it comes to how they've been translated to the big-screen" and that while the mystery might be "perfectly serviceable" for the film, "the execution of it at times feels languid and stodgy, like it's stumbling along from one eye-catching setpiece to the next", However, he summed it up as "an enjoyable watch with some spectacular set-pieces, lavish visuals and some fine motion-capture performances", [79]
Tom McCarthy, the author of a study of the Tintin books, described Hollywood's treatment in this film of its characters and stories as "truly execrable", stating that it ignores the books' key idea of inauthenticity, The themes of fakeness and phoniness and counterfeit that drive many of the original plots are replaced in the film with messages that feel "as though we have wandered into a seminar on monetisation through self-empowerment … It's like making a biopic of Nietzsche that depicts him as a born-again Christian, or of Gandhi as a trigger-happy Rambo blasting his way through the Raj, "[80]
Steve Rose from The Guardian wrote about one of the film's major criticisms: that The Adventures of Tintin, much like The Polar Express, crossed into the uncanny valley, thereby rendering Tintin "too human and not human at all", [81] Manohla Dargis, one of the chief critics of The New York Times, called the movie "a marvel of gee-wizardry and a night's entertainment that can feel like a lifetime", The simplicity of the comic strip, she wrote, is a crucial part of the success of Tintin, who is "an avatar for armchair adventurers", Dargis noted that Tintin's appearance in the film "resembled Hergé's creation, yet was eerily different as if, like Pinocchio, his transformation into human form had been prematurely interrupted", Another major fault in the film, Dargis opines, is how it is overworked; she writes that there is "hardly a moment of downtime, a chance to catch your breath or contemplate the tension between the animated Expressionism and the photo-realist flourishes", Nevertheless, she singles out some of the "interludes of cinematic delight", approving of the visual imagination employed within the movie's numerous exciting scenes, [82]
The film was named in New York magazine's David Edelstein's Top 10 List for 2011, [83] It was also included in HitFix's top 10 films of 2011, [84]
Box officeThe Adventures of Tintin grossed $77, 591, 831 in North America and $296, 402, 120 in other territories for a worldwide total of $373, 993, 951, [4]
In the United States, it is one of only 12 feature films to be released in over 3, 000 theaters and still improve on its box office performance in its second weekend, increasing 17, 6% from $9, 720, 993 to $11, 436, 160, [85] On its first day, the film opened in the UK, France and Belgium, earning $8, 6 million, In Belgium, Tintin's country of origin, the film made $520, 000, while France provided $4, 6 million, a number higher than other similar Wednesday debuts, [86] In France, it was the second-best debut of the year for its first day after Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows – Part 2, [87] On its first weekend it topped the overseas box office with $56, 2 million from 21 countries, [88] In Belgium, it earned $1, 99 million, It also earned the top spot in many major markets like France and the Maghreb region ($21 million), where it set a record opening weekend for an animated title; the UK, Ireland and Malta ($10, 9 million), Germany ($4, 71 million) and Spain ($3, 75 million), [89][90][91] It retained first place for a second consecutive and final weekend, earning $39, 0 million from 45 territories, [92] In its native Belgium it was up 20% to $2, 39 million, while in France it plummeted 61% to $8, 42 million, Its biggest debut was in Russia and the CIS ($4, 81 million), [93][94]
The film grossed ₹7, 5 crore (US$1, 1 million) on its opening weekend (11–13 November 2011) in India, an all-time record for a Spielberg film and for an animated feature in India, The film was released with 351 prints, the largest-ever release for an animated film, [95][96][97] In four weeks, it became the highest-grossing animated film of all time in the country with ₹25, 4 crore (US$3, 6 million), [98]
AccoladesThe Adventures of Tintin was nominated for Best Original Score at the 84th Academy Awards, [99] It was the first all-digital motion-captured animated film (as well as the first non-Pixar film) to win a Golden Globe for Best Animated Feature Film, [100] It also received two nominations at the 65th British Academy Film Awards in the categories of Best Animated Film and Best Special Visual Effects, [101]
List of awards and nominationsAward Category Recipients and nominees ResultAcademy Awards[99] Best Original Score John Williams NominatedAlliance of Women Film Journalists[102] Best Animated Film NominatedAnnie Award[103] Best Animated Feature NominatedBest Animated Effects in an Animated Production Kevin Romond WonBest Music in a Feature John Williams WonBest Writing in a Feature Production Steven Moffat, Edgar Wright and Joe Cornish NominatedArt Directors Guild[104] Fantasy Film NominatedBAFTA Awards[101] Best Animated Film Steven Spielberg NominatedBest Special Effects Joe Letteri, Keith Miller, Wayne Stables and Jamie Beard NominatedBMI Film & TV Awards[105] Film Music Award John Williams WonChicago Film Critics Association Best Animated Film NominatedCritics' Choice Movie Awards[106] Best Animated Feature NominatedDallas-Fort Worth Film Critics Best Animated Film NominatedEmpire Awards[107] The Art of 3D WonFlorida Film Critics Circle[108] Best Animated Film WonGolden Globe Awards[100] Best Animated Feature Film Steven Spielberg WonGolden Trailer Awards[109] Best Animation/Family NominatedBest Pre-show Theatrical Advertising NominatedGrammy Awards[110] Best Score Soundtrack For Visual Media John Williams NominatedHouston Film Critics Society[111] Best Animated Film NominatedBest Original Score John Williams NominatedIGN Best of 2011[112] Best Animated Movie[113] NominatedBest Movie Actor Andy Serkis[114] NominatedLos Angeles Film Critics Association[115] Best Animation NominatedNew York Film Critics Online Best Animated Film WonOnline Film Critics Society[116] Best Animated Feature NominatedProducers Guild of America Award[117] Outstanding Producer of Animated Theatrical Motion Picture Peter Jackson, Kathleen Kennedy and Steven Spielberg WonSatellite Awards[118] Best Motion Picture, Animated or Mixed Media WonBest Adapted Screenplay Steven Moffat, Edgar Wright and Joe Cornish NominatedSaturn Awards[14] Best Animated Film NominatedBest Director Steven Spielberg NominatedBest Music John Williams NominatedBest Production Design Kim Sinclair NominatedBest Editing Michael Kahn NominatedBest Special Effects Scott E, Anderson, Matt Aitken, Joe Letteri, Matthias Menz and Keith Miller NominatedSt, Louis Gateway Film Critics Association Awards Best Animated Film WonToronto Film Critics Association Best Animated Film WonVisual Effects Society[119][120] Outstanding Visual Effects in an Animated Feature Motion Picture Jamie Beard, Joe Letteri, Meredith Meyer-Nichols, Eileen Moran NominatedOutstanding Animated Character in an Animated Feature Motion Picture Tintin—Gino Acevedo, Gustav Ahren, Jamie Beard, Simon Clutterbuck NominatedOutstanding Created Environment in an Animated Feature Motion Picture Bagghar—Hamish Beachman, Adam King, Wayne Stables, Mark Tait NominatedDocks—Matt Aitken, Jeff Capogreco, Jason Lazaroff, Alessandro Mozzato NominatedPirate Battle—Phil Barrenger, Keith F, Miller, Alessandro Saponi, Christoph Sprenger NominatedOutstanding Virtual Cinematography in an Animated Feature Motion Picture Matt Aitken, Matthias Menz, Keith F, Miller, Wayne Stables NominatedWashington D, C, Area Film Critics Association[121] Best Animated Feature NominatedWomen Film Critics Circle[122] Best Family Film NominatedWorld Soundtrack Academy[123] Best Original Soundtrack of the Year John Williams NominatedSoundtrack Composer of the Year NominatedVideo gameMain article: The Adventures of Tintin: The Secret of the Unicorn (video game)A video game entitled The Adventures of Tintin: The Secret of the Unicorn, developed by game developer Ubisoft, [124] was released to coincide with the release date of the film, Gameloft released a game for iOS devices to coincide with the film's European launch, [125]
Possible sequelsOriginally, the second Tintin film was to be based on Hergé's The Seven Crystal Balls and Prisoners of the Sun, [126] However, screenwriter Anthony Horowitz later stated that those books would be the second sequel and another story would become the first sequel, [8]
Peter Jackson announced that he would direct the sequel once he had finished The Hobbit trilogy, [126] Two years before The Secret of the Unicorn, Jackson mentioned that his favorite Tintin stories were The Seven Crystal Balls, Prisoners of the Sun, The Black Island, and The Calculus Affair, but he had not yet decided which stories would form the basis of the second film, He added "it would be great" to use Destination Moon and Explorers on the Moon for a third or fourth film in the series,
By the time The Secret of the Unicorn was released, Spielberg said the book that would form the sequel had been chosen and that the Thomson and Thompson detectives would "have a much bigger role", [127] The sequel would be produced by Spielberg and directed by Jackson, [127] Kathleen Kennedy said the script might be completed by February or March 2012 and motion-captured in summer 2012, so that the film would be on track to be released by Christmas 2014 or mid-2015, [128]
In the months following the release of The Secret of the Unicorn, Spielberg revealed that a story outline for the sequel had been completed and that it was based on two books, [129] Horowitz tweeted that Professor Calculus would be introduced in the sequel, [130][131] During a press tour in Belgium for The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey, Jackson said he intended to shoot performance-capture in 2013, aiming for a release date in 2015, [132]
In March 2013, Spielberg said, "Don't hold me to it, but we're hoping the film will come out around Christmas-time in 2015, We know which books we're making, we can't share that now but we're combining two books which were always intended to be combined by Hergé, " He refused to confirm the names of the books, but said The Blue Lotus would probably be the third Tintin film, [133] In December 2014, when Jackson was asked if the Tintin sequel would be his next project after The Hobbit trilogy, he said that it would be made "at some point soon", However, he added that he wanted to direct two New Zealand films before that, [134]
In June 2015, Jamie Bell stated that the sequel was titled Tintin and the Temple of the Sun and that he hoped shooting would begin in early 2016 for a possible release by the end of 2017 or early 2018, [135] In November 2015, Horowitz stated that he was no longer working on the sequel, and did not know if it was still being made, [136] and in March 2016, he confirmed that the script he had written for the sequel was scrapped, [137]
On 18 March 2016, Scout, co, nz announced that Jackson would produce the sequel rather than direct, The website also announced that a third Tintin film was in development, with Jackson serving as executive producer, Bell and Serkis were reported to be reprising their roles in both films, [138] Spielberg later announced that Jackson was still attached to directing the sequel, and that it would enter work once Jackson completed another Amblin Partners/DreamWorks production, [139]
In March 2018, Spielberg reiterated the above, saying "Peter Jackson has to do the second part, Normally, if all goes well, he will soon st*rt working on the script, As it takes two years of animation work on the film, for you, I would not expect to see it for about three years, But Peter will stick to it, Tintin is not dead!", [6][7] In interviews later the same year, Jackson affirmed his intent to make another Tintin film, but said that a script was yet to be written, [140][141][142][143]
See alsoThe Adventures of TintinThe Adventures of Tintin (TV series)Tintin and Golden Fleece (1961 film)Tintin and the Blue Oranges (1964 film)Tintin and the Temple of the Sun (1969 film)Tintin and the Lake of Sharks (1972 animated film)References "Sony Pictures Teams Up with Paramount for Tintin", MovieWeb, 2 November 2008, Retrieved 7 April 2011, "The Adventures of Tintin – The Secret of the Unicorn (PG)", Steven Spielberg, British Board of Film Classification, Retrieved 13 October 2011, Thompson, Anne (9 October 2008), "Films up in the air after studios split", Variety, Retrieved 18 June 2011, "The Adventures of Tintin", Box Office Mojo, Retrieved 13 April 2012, "THE ADVENTURES OF TINTIN – THE SECRET OF THE UNICORN", BBFC, 12 October 2011, Retrieved 2 November 2011, "Steven Spielberg : "Peter Jackson va bientôt travailler sur la suite des Aventures de Tintin"", Premiere, fr, 23 March 2018, "Tintin: Steven Spielberg says it's up to Sir Peter Jackson to revive the franchise", Stuff, Masters, Tim (2 November 2011), "Tintin 2: Horowitz says story 'still under discussion'", BBC, Retrieved 24 June 2019, "News Etc", Empire, June 2009, pp, 20–25, "Tintin Has World Premiere In His Hometown", NPR, Associated Press, 22 October 2011, Retrieved 22 October 2011, [permanent dead link] "The Adventures of Tintin Official Movie Site", Paramount Pictures, Archived from the original on 13 October 2011, "The Adventures of Tintin (2011)", Rotten Tomatoes, Fandango Media, Retrieved 1 April 2020, "2012 GOLDEN GLOBES Nominees and Winners – Complete List!", Retrieved 15 April 2012, Goldberg, Matt (29 February 2012), "Saturn Award Nominations Announced; HUGO and HARRY POTTER Lead with 10 Nominations Each", Collider, Retrieved 1 March 2012, "Paramount Pictures and Sony Pictures Entertainment Announce the January 26 st*rt of Principal Photography on the 3D Motion Capture Feature 'The Adventures of Tintin: Secret of the Unicorn' Directed by Steven Spielberg and st*rring Jamie Bell and Daniel Craig", PR Newswire, Archived from the original on 1 February 2009, Retrieved 26 January 2009, Anne Thompson (9 October 2008), "Films up in the air after studios split", Variety, Retrieved 15 October 2008, Tatiana Siegel (6 March 2009), "Spielberg, Jackson dig into 'Tintin'", Variety, Retrieved 7 March 2009, Jay A, Fernandez, Borys Kit (27 January 2009), "Daniel Craig to st*r in "Tintin"", The Hollywood Reporter, Archived from the original on 31 January 2009, Retrieved 27 January 2009, "The Who's Who of Tintin", The Adventures of Tintin DVD "The Cottage – Andy Serkis interview", indieLondon, 2007, Retrieved 4 September 2008, Ruben V, Nepales (18 May 2008), "Spielberg may co-direct next with Peter Jackson", Philippine Daily Inquirer, Archived from the original on 18 May 2008, Retrieved 18 May 2008, "Tintin a Go-go", Empire, 3 September 2008, p, 22, Stephen Armstrong (21 September 2008), "Simon Pegg: He's Mr Popular", The Sunday Times, UK, Retrieved 21 September 2008, Dominic Cavendish (9 January 2009), "Toby Jones takes the lead in Tom Stoppard's classic Every Good Boy Deserves Favour", The Daily Telegraph, UK, Retrieved 9 January 2009, Barry Johnston (18 April 2009), "Scots st*r Tony Curran on his dream role in Spielberg's new Tintin movie", Daily Record, Retrieved 23 April 2009, [dead link] Jeff Dawson (27 May 2007), "Tintin and the Movie Moguls?", The Sunday Times, UK, Retrieved 3 September 2008, Claudia Eller (19 September 2008), "Studio says no to Steven Spielberg, Peter Jackson", Los Angeles Times, Retrieved 19 September 2008, "Culture Briefs", The Washington Times, 29 December 2008, Retrieved 31 December 2008, Paul Davidson (29 August 2001), "Enfin, a Tintin Movie", IGN, Archived from the original on 31 January 2009, Retrieved 3 September 2008, "Tintin 'to become movie hero'", BBC News Online, 22 November 2002, Retrieved 10 October 2007, Steve Head (17 December 2002), "An Interview with Steven Spielberg", IGN, Retrieved 30 June 2008, Paul Davidson (14 January 2004), "Spielberg Planning Tintin Trilogy?", IGN, Retrieved 3 September 2008, Pamela McClintock, Anne Thompson (14 May 2007), "Spielberg, Jackson team for Tintin", Variety, Retrieved 24 May 2007, Rachel Abramowitz (22 March 2009), "'Tintin' project brings moguls together", Los Angeles Times, Retrieved 23 March 2009, Sharon Waxman (22 May 2007), "Top Directors See the Future, and They Say It's in 3-D", The New York Times, Retrieved 4 September 2008, Eric Vespe (9 October 2007), "Holy Smoke!!! 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