All our listed items are original Christian devotionals.Some may have been cleaned or polished before their arrival, by their lastcaretaker. Their use is for personal devotion. The Spanish word "Santabarbara", thecorresponding Italian word Santa Barbara, and the obsolete French Sainte-Barbesignify the powder magazine of a ship or fortress. It was customary to have astatue of Saint Barbara at the magazine to protect the ship or fortress fromsuddenly exploding. Even today Sai...nt Barbara is the patron saint ofartillerymen, military engineers, gunsmiths, miners and anyone else who workswith cannon and explosives. Saint Barbara's intersession is invoked againstthunder and lightning, accidents arising from explosions of gunpowder, and sheis venerated by Catholics who face the danger of sudden and violent death in work.This medal is 2 inches long and weighs 25 grams ofbronze. It is an original medal from my late mother's vast estate collection ofCatholic Medals (Bertha; the founder of Church-Woman Antiques).Provenance: Hernotes tell us that these are from a lot that were found stored inside a FrenchChurch destroyed during WWI; we have attached a photograph of the MonasteryChurch after it was bombed. This medals dating can be confirmed on pages 2 & 3 ofthe book AN INTRODUCTION TO RELIGIOUS MEDALS, by Bob Forrest, and published byNUMISMATICA INTERNATIONAL in 2004. In addition, this book has chapters(outlined in the table of contents), describing each of the categories ofmedals, their possible place of pilgrimage (acquisition), and origin of themint where they were made. We recommend that anyone serious about collectingmedals from this period, acquire a copy of this book. Thanks for your kind support of our work!