1856 1ed Explorations Of John C Fremont Native American Indians California West
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1856 1ed Explorationsof John C Fremont Native American Indians California West First edition workon the life and explorations of John C Fremont. John Charles Frémont or Fremont (1813 – 1890)was an American military officer, explorer, and politician who became the firstcandidate of the anti-slavery Republican Party for the office of President ofthe United States. During the 1840s, when he led four expeditions into theAmerican West, that era's penny press and admiring histo...rians accorded Frémontthe sobriquet The Pathfinder. Main author: CharlesWentworth Upham Title: Life, explorations andpublic services of John Charles Fremont Published:Boston : Ticknor and Fields, 1856. Language:English Notes & contents: Firstedition, 1st printing · Illustratedwith views and scenes from American exporations including Native AmericanIndian teepees! o 9 total illustrations includingfrontispiece FREE SHIPPING WORLDWIDE Wear:wear as seen in photos Binding:tight and secure bindingPages:complete with all 493 pages; plus indexes, prefaces, and suchPublisher: Boston : Ticknor and Fields, 1856.Size: ~8inX 5in (20cm x 13cm) FREE SHIPPING WORLDWIDE Shipping:Very Fast. Very Safe. Free Shipping Worldwide. Satisfaction Guarantee:Customer satisfaction is our first priority. Notify uswithin 7 days of receiving your item and we will offer a full refund guaranteewithout reservation. $250 John Charles Frémont or Fremont (January 21, 1813 – July 13, 1890) was an American military officer, explorer, and politician who became thefirst candidate of the anti-slavery Republican Party for the office ofPresident of the United States. During the 1840s, when he led four expeditionsinto the American West, that era's penny press and admiring historians accordedFrémont the sobriquet The Pathfinder.[1]During the Mexican–American War, Frémont, a major in theU.S. Army, took control of California from the Bear Flag Republic in 1846.Frémont then proclaimed himself military Governor of California; however, forthat he was convicted in court martial for mutiny and insubordination. AfterPresident Polk commuted his sentence, Frémont led a fourth expedition, whichcost ten lives, seeking a rail route over the mountains around the 38th parallelin the winter of 1849. He retired from military service and settled inCalifornia. Frémont acquired massive wealth during the California Gold Rush, but he was soon bogged down with lawsuits over land claims, between thedispossession of various land owners during the Mexican–American War and theexplosion of Forty-Niners immigrating during the Rush. These cases were settledby the U.S. Supreme Court allowing Frémont to keep his property. Frémont becameone of the first two U.S. senators elected from the new state of California in1850. He was the first presidential candidate of the new Republican Party, carrying most of the North. He lost the 1856 presidential election to DemocratJames Buchanan when Know-Nothings split the vote and Democrats warned hiselection would lead to civil war.During the American Civil War, he was given command ofDepartment of the West by President Abraham Lincoln. Although Frémont hadsuccesses during his brief tenure as Commander of the Western Armies, he ranhis department autocratically, and made hasty decisions without consultingWashington D.C. or President Lincoln. After Frémont's emancipation edict thatfreed slaves in his district, he was relieved of his command by PresidentLincoln for insubordination. In 1861, Frémont was the first commanding Uniongeneral who recognized an "iron will" to fight in Brigadier GeneralUlysses S. Grant and promoted him commander at the strategic base near Cairo, Illinois. After the Civil War, Frémont's wealth declined after investing heavilyand purchasing an unsuccessful Pacific Railroad in 1866. Frémont served asGovernor of Arizona appointed by President Rutherford B. Hayes and served from1878 to 1881. Frémont, retired from politics and financially destitute, died inNew York City in 1890.Historians portray Frémont as controversial, impetuous, andcontradictory. Some scholars regard him as a military hero of significantaccomplishment, while others view him as a failure who repeatedly defeated hisown best purposes. The keys to Frémont's character and personality may lie inhis being born illegitimately, his ambitious drive for success, self-justification, and passive-aggressive behavior.[2][3]Contents [hide] 1 Earlylife and education1.1 Marriageto Senator Benton's daughter2 Frémont'sexploratory expeditions2.1 Firstexpedition2.2 Secondexpedition2.3 Thirdexpedition2.4 Mexican–AmericanWar2.5 Fourthexpedition2.6 Fifthexpedition3 Mariposagold estate4 U.S.Senator from California5 Republicanpresidential candidate6 CivilWar6.1 Departmentof the West (1861)6.1.1 Command andduties6.1.2 Response toConfederate threat6.1.3 Emancipationedict controversy6.2 MountainDepartments (1862)7 RadicalRepublican presidential candidacy8 Laterlife9 Death10 John C.Frémont Jr.11 Legacy11.1 Plants11.2 Places11.3 Television11.4 Film12 Genealogy13 See also14 Notes15 Sources16 Furtherreading16.1 Primarysources17 ExternallinksEarly life and education[edit]Frémont's mother, Anne Beverley Whiting, was the youngestdaughter of socially prominent Virginia planter Col. Thomas Whiting. Thecolonel died when Anne was less than a year old. Her mother married SamuelCary, who soon exhausted most of the Whiting estate. At age 17, Anne marriedMajor John Pryor, a wealthy Richmond resident in his early 60s. In 1810, Pryorhired Charles Frémon (Louis-René Frémont b. 1768 in Québec), a French-Canadianimmigrant who had escaped from a British prison, to tutor his wife. In July1811, Pryor learned that his wife, Anne Whiting Pryor, and Frémon were havingan affair. Confronted by Pryor, the couple left Richmond together on July 10, 1811, creating a scandal that shook city society.[4] Pryor published a divorcepetition in the Virginia Patriot, in which he charged that his wife had"for some time past indulged in criminal intercourse."Mrs. Pryor and Frémon moved first to Norfolk, Virginia, tolive as a couple (though unmarried); they later settled in Savannah, Georgia.Mrs. Pryor financed the trip and purchase of a house in Savannah by sellingrecently inherited slaves valued at $1, 900. When the Virginia House ofDelegates refused Mr. Pryor's divorce petition, it was impossible for thecouple to marry. In Savannah, Mrs. Pryor took in boarders while Frémon taughtFrench and dancing. On January 21, 1813, their first child, John CharlesFrémon, was born.[5] The son was born out of wedlock, a serious socialhandicap. A household slave called Black Hannah helped raise young John.[6]In 1818, Frémont's father Frémon died, leaving Mrs. Pryor totake care of John and several young children alone on a limited inheritedincome.[7] Mrs. Pryor and her family moved to Charleston, South Carolina. Theyoung Frémont was known to be "precious, handsome, and daring, " andhe had an apt ability at gaining protectors.[7] A lawyer, John W. Mitchell, provided for Frémont's education, and in May 1829 Frémont entered CharlestonCollege. Frémont continued at Charleston College, while teaching at intervals inthe countryside. He was expelled from the college for irregular attendance in1831. Although Frémont did not graduate, he had been grounded in mathematicsand natural sciences.[7]In Andrew Jackson, His Life and Times, H. W. Brands wrotethat Frémont added the accented E and the T to his surname later in life.[8]But in John Charles Frémont: Character as Destiny, Andrew Rolle wrote thatFrémont began using the accent in 1838 at the age of 25. Relying onPierre-Georges Roy (1922), Rolle relates how Charles Frémon was originallynamed Louis-René Frémont, born in Québec City, Canada, on December 8, 1768 (hedied in 1818 in Norfolk, Virginia). He had changed his name to Charles Fremonor Frémon to avoid pursuit by British naval agents.[9] Thus, John reclaimed hisfather's true French name.[6]After attending the College of Charleston from 1829 to1831, [10] Frémont was appointed a teacher of mathematics aboard the sloop USSNatchez. In July 1838 he was appointed a second lieutenant in the Corps ofTopographical Engineers, and assisted and led multiple surveying expeditionsthrough the western territory of the United States and beyond. In 1838 and 1839he assisted Joseph Nicollet in exploring the lands between the Mississippi andMissouri rivers. In 1841 with training from Nicollet, Frémont mapped portionsof the Des Moines River.Marriage to Senator Benton's daughter[edit]In 1841 John C. Frémont (age 28) married Jessie Benton, daughter of Senator Thomas Hart Benton from Missouri.[11] Benton, DemocraticParty leader for more than 30 years in the Senate, championed the expansionistmovement, a political cause that became known as Manifest Destiny. Theexpansionists believed that the North American continent, from one end to theother, north and south, east and west, should belong to the citizens of theU.S. They believed it was the nation's destiny to control the continent. Thismovement became a crusade for politicians such as Benton and his newson-in-law. Benton pushed appropriations through Congress for national surveysof the Oregon Trail, the Oregon Country, the Great Basin, and Sierra NevadaMountains to California. Through his power and influence, Senator Bentonobtained for Frémont the leadership of each expedition.
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